Canadian Climate Normals 1991-2020 Data

Temperature and Precipitation Graph

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Temperature and Precipitation Graph for 1991 to 2020 Canadian Climate Normals
TORONTO PEARSON (AIRPORT)

Symbol	Description
	Daily Maximum Temperature (°C)
	Daily Average Temperature (°C)
	Daily Minimum Temperature (°C)
	Precipitation (mm)

Normals Data

The minimum number of years used to calculate these Normals is indicated by a code for each element. A "+" beside an extreme date indicates that this date is the first occurrence of the extreme value. Values and dates in bold indicate all-time extremes for the location.

Data used in the calculation of these Normals may be subject to further quality assurance checks. This may result in minor changes to some values presented here.

TORONTO PEARSON (AIRPORT)
ONTARIO

Temperature

1991 to 2020 Canadian Climate Normals Data
Temperature
	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year	Code
Daily Average (°C)	-5.0	-4.4	0.6	7.0	13.7	19.2	22.1	21.1	16.9	10.0	4.1	-1.6	8.6	B
Standard Deviation	3.0	3.0	2.2	1.6	2.0	1.3	1.8	1.3	1.7	1.3	2.0	2.1	1.3	B
Daily Maximum (°C)	-1.2	-0.3	5.0	12.0	19.2	24.5	27.4	26.3	22.3	14.6	7.9	1.9	13.3	B
Daily Minimum (°C)	-8.9	-8.5	-3.8	1.9	8.2	13.9	16.6	15.8	11.6	5.3	0.2	-5.0	3.9	B

1991 to 2020 Canadian Climate Normals Data
Temperature Extremes (Long-Term)
	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year	Code
Maximum Daily Mean (°C)	13.4	10.9	18.2	24.0	27.6	29.5	31.8	31.5	30.0	24.5	16.7	15.0
Date (yyyy/dd)	2008/ 08	2017/ 23	2012/ 22	1990/ 26	2006/ 30	2012/ 20	2011/ 21	2006/ 01	1953/ 02	2002/ 01	1974/ 01	1966/ 08
Minimum Daily Mean (°C)	-24.7	-23.4	-18.8	-11.1	0.9	5.3	11.4	9.5	2.5	-3.6	-11.7	-20.9
Date (yyyy/dd)	1994/ 15	1943/ 15	2003/ 03	1972/ 07	2020/ 08	1945/ 01	1968/ 03	1965/ 30	1965/ 27	1969/ 22	1949/ 26	1942/ 20
Extreme Maximum (°C)	17.6	17.7	26.0	31.1	34.4	36.7	37.9	38.3	36.7	31.8	25.0	20.0
Date (yyyy/dd)	2005/ 13	2017/ 23	2012/ 22	1990/ 25	1962/ 16	1952/ 25	2011/ 21	1948/ 25	1953/ 02	2019/ 01	1950/ 01	1982/ 03
Minimum Daily Maximum (°C)	-21.0	-19.2	-15.0	-5.0	4.4	9.4	15.4	15.6	6.7	0.0	-7.3	-17.8
Date (yyyy/dd)	1994/ 15	1979/ 17	1938/ 03	1972/ 07	1976/ 07	1945/ 01	1992/ 31	1964/ 13	1950/ 24	1969/ 22	1987/ 21	1955/ 20
Maximum Daily Minimum (°C)	11.3	6.5	12.6	17.5	22.2	24.4	26.0	26.3	23.4	19.4	13.9	12.8
Date (yyyy/dd)	2008/ 08	2009/ 11	1989/ 28	1990/ 26	2006/ 30	1959/ 29	2011/ 21	2006/ 01	2001/ 09	2002/ 01	1956/ 01	1966/ 08
Extreme Minimum (°C)	-31.3	-31.1	-28.9	-17.2	-5.6	0.6	3.9	1.1	-3.9	-8.3	-18.3	-31.1
Date (yyyy/dd)	1981/ 04	1943/ 15	1950/ 04	1972/ 07	1966/ 07	1949/ 08	1968/ 30	1965/ 30	1965/ 27	1969/ 23	1949/ 26	1942/ 20

Precipitation

1991 to 2020 Canadian Climate Normals Data
Precipitation
	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year	Code
Rainfall (mm)	33.8	23.9	34.0	70.7	77.5	80.7	74.0	68.5	69.4	67.0	62.7	35.3	697.4	B
Snowfall (cm)	31.5	27.7	17.2	4.5	0.1	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.2	9.3	24.1	114.5	B
Precipitation (mm)	61.6	50.2	50.5	76.7	77.6	80.7	74.0	68.5	69.4	67.2	71.8	58.6	806.8	B
Average Snow Depth (cm)	6	7	3	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	3	2	C
Median Snow Depth (cm)	5	5	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	1	C
Snow Depth at Month-end (cm)	8	6	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	3	1	C

1991 to 2020 Canadian Climate Normals Data
Precipitation Extremes (Long-Term)
	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year	Code
Extreme Daily Rainfall (mm)	59.0	31.8	41.7	55.8	92.7	53.8	126.0	80.8	108.0	121.4	86.1	40.9
Date (yyyy/dd)	2020/ 11	1975/ 24	1942/ 16	1992/ 11	1944/ 31	2000/ 13	2013/ 08	1970/ 30	1948/ 18	1954/ 15	1962/ 10	1962/ 06
Extreme Daily Snowfall (cm)	36.8	39.9	32.3	26.7	2.8	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	7.4	33.5	28.2
Date (yyyy/dd)	1966/ 23	1965/ 25	1964/ 10	1939/ 10	2020/ 11	1938/ 01	1938/ 01	1938/ 01	1938/ 01	1962/ 25	1940/ 30	1944/ 11
Extreme Daily Precipitation (mm)	59.0	55.9	41.7	55.8	92.7	53.8	126.0	80.8	108.0	121.4	86.1	40.9
Date (yyyy/dd)	2020/ 11	1965/ 25	1942/ 16	1992/ 11	1944/ 31	2000/ 13	2013/ 08	1970/ 30	1948/ 18	1954/ 15	1962/ 10	1962/ 06
Extreme Snow Depth (cm)	67	48	30	13	0	0	0	0	0	13	18	36
Date (yyyy/dd)	1999/ 15	2008/ 13	2008/ 09	1975/ 04	1955/ 01	1955/ 01	1955/ 01	1955/ 01	1955/ 01	1969/ 22	2002/ 18	2008/ 24

Days With ...

1991 to 2020 Canadian Climate Normals Data
Days With ...
	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year	Code
Freezing Rain or Freezing Drizzle	2.0	1.1	0.77	0.47	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.23	0.90	5.5	A
Thunderstorms	0.13	0.30	0.50	2.2	3.5	5.1	5.5	4.7	2.6	1.3	0.40	0.20	26.3	A
Hail	0.0	0.0	0.03	0.13	0.13	0.07	0.0	0.07	0.0	0.07	0.03	0.0	0.53	A
Fog, Ice Fog, or Freezing Fog	2.0	1.3	1.4	1.0	1.6	0.70	0.43	0.23	0.73	1.3	1.9	1.5	14.2	A
Smoke or Haze	2.5	2.2	2.8	2.1	3.5	4.5	4.4	4.2	2.9	2.4	3.1	2.5	37.2	A

Days with Maximum Temperature

1991 to 2020 Canadian Climate Normals Data
Days with Maximum Temperature
	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year	Code
<= -30 °C	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	C
<= -20 °C	0.04	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.04	C
<= -10 °C	2.6	1.1	0.24	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.15	4.0	C
<= 0 °C	16.9	13.7	6.3	0.44	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1.5	10.7	49.5	C
> 0 °C	14.1	14.6	24.7	29.6	31.0	30.0	31.0	31.0	30.0	31.0	28.5	20.4	315.8	C
> 10 °C	1.2	0.77	6.2	18.9	30.0	30.0	31.0	31.0	29.9	25.2	9.2	1.6	214.7	C
> 20 °C	0.0	0.0	0.60	2.8	12.3	24.6	30.5	30.0	19.7	4.4	0.24	0.0	125.1	C
> 30 °C	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.75	3.4	7.7	4.0	1.3	0.08	0.0	0.0	17.2	C
> 35 °C	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.07	0.54	0.19	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.80	C
> 40 °C	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	C

Days with Minimum Temperature

1991 to 2020 Canadian Climate Normals Data
Days with Minimum Temperature
	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year	Code
> 20 °C	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.08	1.4	5.5	2.4	0.40	0.0	0.0	0.0	9.7	C
> 10 °C	0.04	0.0	0.16	0.80	9.9	24.8	30.4	29.8	18.8	4.0	0.24	0.0	119.0	C
> 0 °C	3.5	1.9	7.6	20.7	30.4	30.0	31.0	31.0	29.8	28.0	15.4	5.5	234.7	C
<= 2 °C	30.0	27.9	27.2	15.6	2.4	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.36	7.5	20.6	29.1	160.6	C
<= 0 °C	27.5	26.4	23.4	9.3	0.63	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.16	3.0	14.6	25.5	130.6	C
< -2 °C	24.8	23.3	18.5	4.4	0.17	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.64	8.7	20.5	101.0	C
< -10 °C	13.4	10.8	4.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.40	5.7	34.2	C
< -20 °C	1.9	0.54	0.08	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.15	2.7	C
< -30 °C	0.04	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.04	C
< -40 °C	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	C

Days with Rainfall

1991 to 2020 Canadian Climate Normals Data
Days with Rainfall
	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year	Code
>= 0.2 mm	6.2	4.6	7.2	11.7	12.7	10.8	10.3	9.8	10.2	12.8	10.4	7.5	114.1	B
>= 5 mm	2.2	1.8	2.2	4.7	4.8	5.2	3.9	3.9	4.5	4.1	3.7	2.6	43.5	B
>= 10 mm	0.96	0.96	1.0	2.5	2.5	3.0	2.5	2.3	2.3	2.2	2.0	1.1	23.3	B
>= 25 mm	0.16	0.08	0.08	0.32	0.44	0.52	0.76	0.73	0.52	0.32	0.60	0.08	4.6	B
>= 50 mm	0.04	0.0	0.0	0.04	0.04	0.07	0.08	0.0	0.04	0.04	0.04	0.0	0.39	B
>= 100 mm	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	B

Days with Snowfall

1991 to 2020 Canadian Climate Normals Data
Days with Snowfall
	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year	Code
>= 0.2 cm	12.7	9.7	6.8	2.2	0.12	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.24	3.6	9.2	44.7	B
>= 5 cm	1.8	1.9	1.1	0.28	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.56	1.6	7.2	B
>= 10 cm	0.56	0.50	0.36	0.04	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.20	0.52	2.2	B
>= 25 cm	0.04	0.08	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.12	B
>= 40 cm	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	B

Days with Precipitation

1991 to 2020 Canadian Climate Normals Data
Days with Precipitation
	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year	Code
>= 0.2 mm	16.2	12.0	12.3	12.5	12.7	10.8	10.3	9.8	10.2	12.8	12.6	14.9	147.3	B
>= 1 mm	10.2	8.1	8.3	9.5	9.1	9.0	8.0	7.4	7.8	9.2	8.9	10.0	105.5	B
>= 5 mm	3.9	3.4	3.2	5.0	4.8	5.2	3.9	3.9	4.5	4.1	4.3	4.0	50.3	B
>= 10 mm	1.7	1.5	1.4	2.8	2.5	3.0	2.5	2.3	2.3	2.2	2.4	1.6	26.1	B
>= 25 mm	0.16	0.15	0.08	0.32	0.44	0.52	0.76	0.73	0.52	0.32	0.64	0.12	4.8	B
>= 50 mm	0.04	0.0	0.0	0.04	0.04	0.07	0.08	0.0	0.04	0.04	0.04	0.0	0.39	B
>= 100 mm	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	B

Days with Snow Depth

1991 to 2020 Canadian Climate Normals Data
Days with Snow Depth
	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year	Code
>= 1 cm	21.0	20.4	11.4	1.3	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2.3	12.2	68.6	C
>= 5 cm	13.4	10.5	6.5	0.61	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.91	5.5	37.4	C
>= 10 cm	7.1	6.0	4.0	0.22	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.32	3.2	20.8	C
>= 20 cm	2.0	1.6	0.78	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.82	5.3	C
>= 30 cm	0.78	0.79	0.04	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.23	1.8	C
>= 50 cm	0.13	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.13	C
>= 100 cm	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	C

Wind

1991 to 2020 Canadian Climate Normals Data
Wind
	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year	Code
Speed (km/h)	17.9	17.8	17.5	17.3	14.8	14.0	13.9	13.1	13.4	15.0	16.0	17.0	15.7	A
Most Frequent Direction	W	W	N	N	N	N	W	N	N	W	W	W	W	A
Days with Winds >= 52 km/h	2.3	2.4	2.4	3.2	1.4	1.2	0.50	0.78	0.67	2.2	2.5	2.6	22.3	C
Days with Winds >= 63 km/h	0.65	0.64	0.74	0.92	0.35	0.30	0.15	0.17	0.10	0.57	0.82	0.32	5.7	C
Days with Gusts >= 90 km/h	0.19	0.32	0.29	0.20	0.0	0.13	0.10	0.0	0.11	0.22	0.32	0.14	2.0	D

1991 to 2020 Canadian Climate Normals Data
Wind Extremes (Long-Term)
	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year	Code
Extreme Speed (km/h)	80	77	97	82	71	63	61	71	77	92	80	76
Date (yyyy/dd)	2017/ 11	1958/ 17	1959/ 15	2011/ 28	1964/ 09	1980/ 20	1964/ 13	1958/ 31	1954/ 22	1954/ 16	1955/ 16	2008/ 28
Direction of Extreme Speed	W	N	SW	W	W	NW	E	W	W	W	W	W
Extreme Gust Speed (km/h)	115	105	124	115	109	107	135	115	106	104	122	109
Date (yyyy/dd)	1978/ 26	1956/ 25	1964/ 05	2009/ 25	1983/ 02	1990/ 03	1956/ 01	2009/ 11	2010/ 22	1989/ 14	1955/ 17	1996/ 01
Direction of Extreme Gust Speed	E	W	SW	W	W	W	NW	NE	NW	NW	SW	S

Degree Days

1991 to 2020 Canadian Climate Normals Data
Degree Days
	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year	Code
Above 24 °C	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.5	5.9	18.2	7.9	1.7	0.0	0.0	0.0	34.1	C
Above 18 °C	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.7	16.0	65.4	129.5	101.1	32.4	2.5	0.0	0.0	347.6	C
Above 15 °C	0.0	0.0	0.5	3.5	39.5	132.4	218.9	187.2	79.9	10.4	0.1	0.0	672.4	C
Above 10 °C	0.2	0.0	4.4	22.5	125.5	275.2	373.7	341.9	203.8	52.2	6.0	0.3	1405.7	C
Above 5 °C	3.0	1.7	22.2	89.5	265.0	425.1	528.7	496.9	351.3	159.0	39.5	5.2	2387.2	C
Above 0 °C	22.1	17.9	79.3	214.9	419.3	575.1	683.7	651.9	501.3	308.1	131.4	38.7	3643.7	C
Below 0 °C	175.2	134.0	59.6	3.1	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.1	13.4	87.3	472.6	C
Below 5 °C	311.1	259.2	157.5	27.6	0.7	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5.9	71.5	208.8	1042.4	C
Below 10 °C	463.3	398.9	294.7	110.6	16.2	0.1	0.0	0.0	2.5	54.2	188.0	358.8	1887.3	C
Below 15 °C	618.1	540.2	445.8	241.6	85.2	7.3	0.2	0.3	28.6	167.4	332.1	513.6	2980.4	C
Below 18 °C	711.1	625.0	538.3	328.8	154.7	30.3	3.8	7.2	71.1	252.4	422.0	606.6	3751.3	C

Quintiles

1991 to 2020 Canadian Climate Normals Data
Quintiles
	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year	Code
Quintile 1 (Lower Bound)	24.4	20.2	18.0	29.2	14.4	20.4	20.4	11.6	25.2	17.6	10.2	17.0
Quintile 1 (Upper Bound)	37.5	25.5	30.0	47.8	47.8	45.0	34.0	39.5	44.2	40.2	33.0	36.2
Quintile 2 (Upper Bound)	47.6	38.4	40.7	63.5	67.4	59.4	57.6	52.6	52.5	54.2	58.0	52.0
Quintile 3 (Upper Bound)	63.2	47.3	52.8	88.6	79.6	72.7	85.3	67.4	69.8	66.3	70.8	62.5
Quintile 4 (Upper Bound)	72.2	75.3	63.7	102.7	93.3	109.0	100.8	91.9	86.3	95.6	91.9	72.4
Quintile 5 (Upper Bound)	133.3	107.6	98.4	133.8	152.8	191.6	193.2	154.4	166.2	136.2	141.2	99.8

Humidex

1991 to 2020 Canadian Climate Normals Data
Humidex
	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year	Code
Days with Humidex >= 30	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.17	3.5	10.0	18.3	16.2	7.2	0.55	0.0	0.0	55.9	A
Days with Humidex >= 35	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.90	4.0	8.0	6.2	2.1	0.14	0.0	0.0	21.3	A
Days with Humidex >= 40	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.07	0.93	2.1	1.3	0.14	0.0	0.0	0.0	4.6	A

1991 to 2020 Canadian Climate Normals Data
Humidex Extremes (Long-Term)
	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year	Code
Extreme Humidex	19.0	19.1	29.6	37.9	42.6	45.6	50.3	46.6	48.0	39.1	28.6	23.9
Date (yyyy/dd)	2005/ 13	2018/ 20	2012/ 22	1990/ 25	2006/ 30	2018/ 30	1995/ 14	2006/ 01	1953/ 01	2007/ 08	1961/ 03	1982/ 03

Wind Chill

1991 to 2020 Canadian Climate Normals Data
Wind Chill
	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year	Code
Days with Wind Chill < -20	8.8	7.0	1.8	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.17	2.8	20.6	A
Days with Wind Chill < -30	1.8	0.76	0.10	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.14	2.8	A
Days with Wind Chill < -40	0.03	0.03	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.06	A
Days with Wind Chill < -50	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	A

1991 to 2020 Canadian Climate Normals Data
Wind Chill Extremes (Long-Term)
	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year	Code
Extreme Wind Chill	-44.7	-40.6	-36.2	-25.4	-9.5	0.0	0.0	0.0	-8.0	-13.5	-25.4	-38.5
Date (yyyy/dd)	1981/ 04	2015/ 15	2003/ 03	1972/ 07	1963/ 01	1953/ 01	1953/ 01	1953/ 01	1965/ 27	1969/ 23	1958/ 30	1980/ 25

Humidity

1991 to 2020 Canadian Climate Normals Data
Humidity
	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year	Code
Average Vapour Pressure (kPa)	0.4	0.4	0.5	0.6	1.0	1.5	1.8	1.8	1.4	1.0	0.7	0.5	1.0	A
Average Relative Humidity - 0600LST (%)	79.2	77.4	75.2	73.0	75.7	77.6	79.3	83.7	85.5	83.6	81.4	80.7	79.3	A
Average Relative Humidity - 1500LST (%)	69.7	65.7	58.5	53.4	53.6	54.4	52.9	55.2	57.3	61.6	66.7	70.5	60.0	A

Pressure

1991 to 2020 Canadian Climate Normals Data
Pressure
	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year	Code
Average Station Pressure (kPa)	99.6	99.6	99.6	99.4	99.4	99.3	99.4	99.5	99.7	99.6	99.6	99.6	99.5	A
Average Sea Level Pressure (kPa)	101.7	101.7	101.7	101.5	101.5	101.4	101.4	101.6	101.7	101.7	101.8	101.7	101.6	A

Visibility (hours with)

1991 to 2020 Canadian Climate Normals Data
Visibility (hours with)
	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year	Code
< 1 km	10.0	9.2	5.5	2.8	3.5	2.1	0.6	0.4	1.4	4.3	6.7	7.0	53.4	A
1 to 9 km	126.9	97.1	76.3	60.5	50.6	53.5	39.7	43.4	43.8	55.1	82.5	103.8	833.2	A
> 9 km	606.9	571.7	662.0	656.3	689.5	664.0	702.9	699.5	674.3	684.1	630.3	632.9	7874.4	A

Cloud Amount (hours with)

1991 to 2020 Canadian Climate Normals Data
Cloud Amount (hours with)
	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year	Code
0 to 2 tenths	129.8	154.2	206.3	184.4	221.7	212.0	229.5	261.4	257.1	200.2	141.7	131.8	2330.0	D
3 to 7 tenths	94.6	104.6	117.6	121.6	152.7	179.7	214.4	200.2	166.8	139.0	108.3	99.8	1699.2	D
8 to 10 tenths	519.7	421.2	420.1	414.1	369.7	328.3	300.1	282.4	296.1	404.8	470.0	512.4	4738.8	D

Frost-Free

1991 to 2020 Canadian Climate Normals Data
Frost-Free
	Date/Days	Code
Average Date of Last Spring Frost	Apr 27	C
Average Date of First Fall Frost	Oct 20	C
Average Length of Frost-Free Period	174 Days	C

1991 to 2020 Canadian Climate Normals Data
Frost-Free
	10%	25%	33%	50%	66%	75%	90%
Probability of last temperature in spring <= 0°C, on or after (Date)	May 19	May 13	May 10	May 04	Apr 29	Apr 28	Apr 17
Probability of first temperature in fall <= 0°C, on or before (Date)	Sep 22	Sep 29	Oct 04	Oct 09	Oct 17	Oct 20	Oct 30
Probability of frost-free period equal to or less than indicated period (Days)	134	143	149	156	166	170	187

Legend

A = WMO "3 and 5 rule" (i.e. no more than 3 consecutive and no more than 5 total missing for either temperature or precipitation)
B = At least 25 years

C = At least 20 years
D = At least 15 years

Element Analytics

Statistics listed below are provided as a guide to determine the validity of Normals and Extremes calculations. For example, a composite station with 30 years of record between 1991 and 2020 with no missing years would be a more reliable normal than a composite station with 15 years of record and 2 missing years. Less than 100% possible observations indicates that out of the total number of observations used, some records were missing.

TORONTO PEARSON (AIRPORT)
ONTARIO

Temperature

1991 to 2020 Canadian Climate Normals Element Analytics
Temperature
	Begin Year	End Year	Total Number of Years	Missing Years	Total Count of Observations	% of Possible Observations
Daily Average (°C)	1991	2020	30	4	10276	93.8
Standard Deviation	1991	2020	30	4	10276	93.8
Daily Maximum (°C)	1991	2020	30	4	10301	94
Daily Minimum (°C)	1991	2020	30	4	10276	93.8

1991 to 2020 Canadian Climate Normals Element Analytics
Temperature Extremes (Long-Term)
	Begin Year	End Year	Total Number of Years	Missing Years	Total Count of Observations	% of Possible Observations
Maximum Daily Mean (°C)	1937	2020			29951	99
Minimum Daily Mean (°C)	1937	2020			29951	99
Extreme Maximum (°C)	1937	2020			29961	99
Minimum Daily Maximum (°C)	1937	2020			29961	99
Maximum Daily Minimum (°C)	1937	2020			29955	99
Extreme Minimum (°C)	1937	2020			29955	99

Precipitation

1991 to 2020 Canadian Climate Normals Element Analytics
Precipitation
	Begin Year	End Year	Total Number of Years	Missing Years	Total Count of Observations	% of Possible Observations
Rainfall (mm)	1991	2020	27	5	9251	84.4
Snowfall (cm)	1991	2020	27	5	9251	84.4
Precipitation (mm)	1991	2020	27	5	9282	84.7
Average Snow Depth (cm)	1991	2019	26	3	8289	75.7
Median Snow Depth (cm)	1991	2019	26	3	8289	75.7
Snow Depth at Month-end (cm)	1991	2020	29	6	289	80.3

1991 to 2020 Canadian Climate Normals Element Analytics
Precipitation Extremes (Long-Term)
	Begin Year	End Year	Total Number of Years	Missing Years	Total Count of Observations	% of Possible Observations
Extreme Daily Rainfall (mm)	1937	2020			29949	99
Extreme Daily Snowfall (cm)	1937	2020			29957	99
Extreme Daily Precipitation (mm)	1937	2020			29958	99
Extreme Snow Depth (cm)	1955	2020			21914	90.9

Days With ...

1991 to 2020 Canadian Climate Normals Element Analytics
Days With ...
	Begin Year	End Year	Total Number of Years	Missing Years	Total Count of Observations	% of Possible Observations
Freezing Rain or Freezing Drizzle	1991	2020	30	0	10671	97.4
Thunderstorms	1991	2020	30	0	10671	97.4
Hail	1991	2020	30	0	10671	97.4
Fog, Ice Fog, or Freezing Fog	1991	2020	30	0	10672	97.4
Smoke or Haze	1991	2020	30	0	10672	97.4

Days with Maximum Temperature

1991 to 2020 Canadian Climate Normals Element Analytics
Days with Maximum Temperature
	Begin Year	End Year	Total Number of Years	Missing Years	Total Count of Observations	% of Possible Observations
<= -30 °C	1991	2020	27	6	9282	84.7
<= -20 °C	1991	2020	27	6	9282	84.7
<= -10 °C	1991	2020	27	6	9282	84.7
<= 0 °C	1991	2020	27	6	9282	84.7
> 0 °C	1991	2020	27	6	9282	84.7
> 10 °C	1991	2020	27	6	9282	84.7
> 20 °C	1991	2020	27	6	9282	84.7
> 30 °C	1991	2020	27	6	9282	84.7
> 35 °C	1991	2020	27	6	9282	84.7
> 40 °C	1991	2020	27	6	9282	84.7

Days with Minimum Temperature

1991 to 2020 Canadian Climate Normals Element Analytics
Days with Minimum Temperature
	Begin Year	End Year	Total Number of Years	Missing Years	Total Count of Observations	% of Possible Observations
> 20 °C	1991	2020	27	6	9282	84.7
> 10 °C	1991	2020	27	6	9282	84.7
> 0 °C	1991	2020	27	6	9282	84.7
<= 2 °C	1991	2020	27	6	9282	84.7
<= 0 °C	1991	2020	27	6	9282	84.7
< -2 °C	1991	2020	27	6	9282	84.7
< -10 °C	1991	2020	27	6	9282	84.7
< -20 °C	1991	2020	27	6	9282	84.7
< -30 °C	1991	2020	27	6	9282	84.7
< -40 °C	1991	2020	27	6	9282	84.7

Days with Rainfall

1991 to 2020 Canadian Climate Normals Element Analytics
Days with Rainfall
	Begin Year	End Year	Total Number of Years	Missing Years	Total Count of Observations	% of Possible Observations
>= 0.2 mm	1991	2020	27	5	9251	84.4
>= 5 mm	1991	2020	27	5	9251	84.4
>= 10 mm	1991	2020	27	5	9251	84.4
>= 25 mm	1991	2020	27	5	9251	84.4
>= 50 mm	1991	2020	27	5	9251	84.4
>= 100 mm	1991	2020	27	5	9251	84.4

Days with Snowfall

1991 to 2020 Canadian Climate Normals Element Analytics
Days with Snowfall
	Begin Year	End Year	Total Number of Years	Missing Years	Total Count of Observations	% of Possible Observations
>= 0.2 cm	1991	2020	27	5	9251	84.4
>= 5 cm	1991	2020	27	5	9251	84.4
>= 10 cm	1991	2020	27	5	9251	84.4
>= 25 cm	1991	2020	27	5	9251	84.4
>= 40 cm	1991	2020	27	5	9251	84.4

Days with Precipitation

1991 to 2020 Canadian Climate Normals Element Analytics
Days with Precipitation
	Begin Year	End Year	Total Number of Years	Missing Years	Total Count of Observations	% of Possible Observations
>= 0.2 mm	1991	2020	27	5	9282	84.7
>= 1 mm	1991	2020	27	5	9282	84.7
>= 5 mm	1991	2020	27	5	9282	84.7
>= 10 mm	1991	2020	27	5	9282	84.7
>= 25 mm	1991	2020	27	5	9282	84.7
>= 50 mm	1991	2020	27	5	9282	84.7
>= 100 mm	1991	2020	27	5	9282	84.7

Days with Snow Depth

1991 to 2020 Canadian Climate Normals Element Analytics
Days with Snow Depth
	Begin Year	End Year	Total Number of Years	Missing Years	Total Count of Observations	% of Possible Observations
>= 1 cm	1991	2019	24	5	8215	75
>= 5 cm	1991	2019	24	5	8215	75
>= 10 cm	1991	2019	24	5	8215	75
>= 20 cm	1991	2019	24	5	8215	75
>= 30 cm	1991	2019	24	5	8215	75
>= 50 cm	1991	2019	24	5	8215	75
>= 100 cm	1991	2019	24	5	8215	75

Wind

1991 to 2020 Canadian Climate Normals Element Analytics
Wind
	Begin Year	End Year	Total Number of Years	Missing Years	Total Count of Observations	% of Possible Observations
Speed (km/h)	1991	2020	29	1	254044	99.4
Most Frequent Direction	1991	2020	29	1	253993	99.9
Days with Winds >= 52 km/h	1991	2020	24	6	8189	90.6
Days with Winds >= 63 km/h	1991	2020	24	6	8189	90.6
Days with Gusts >= 90 km/h	1991	2020	23	7	7423	67.8

1991 to 2020 Canadian Climate Normals Element Analytics
Wind Extremes (Long-Term)
	Begin Year	End Year	Total Number of Years	Missing Years	Total Count of Observations	% of Possible Observations
Extreme Speed (km/h)	1953	2020			587644	99.8
Extreme Gust Speed (km/h)	1955	2020			23527	97.7

Degree Days

1991 to 2020 Canadian Climate Normals Element Analytics
Degree Days
	Begin Year	End Year	Total Number of Years	Missing Years	Total Count of Observations	% of Possible Observations
Above 24 °C	1991	2020	27	6	9282	84.7
Above 18 °C	1991	2020	27	6	9282	84.7
Above 15 °C	1991	2020	27	6	9282	84.7
Above 10 °C	1991	2020	27	6	9282	84.7
Above 5 °C	1991	2020	27	6	9282	84.7
Above 0 °C	1991	2020	27	6	9282	84.7
Below 0 °C	1991	2020	27	6	9282	84.7
Below 5 °C	1991	2020	27	6	9282	84.7
Below 10 °C	1991	2020	27	6	9282	84.7
Below 15 °C	1991	2020	27	6	9282	84.7
Below 18 °C	1991	2020	27	6	9282	84.7

Humidex

1991 to 2020 Canadian Climate Normals Element Analytics
Humidex
	Begin Year	End Year	Total Number of Years	Missing Years	Total Count of Observations	% of Possible Observations
Days with Humidex >= 30	1991	2020	29	1	254003	99.4
Days with Humidex >= 35	1991	2020	29	1	254003	99.4
Days with Humidex >= 40	1991	2020	29	1	254003	99.4

1991 to 2020 Canadian Climate Normals Element Analytics
Humidex Extremes (Long-Term)
	Begin Year	End Year	Total Number of Years	Missing Years	Total Count of Observations	% of Possible Observations
Extreme Humidex	1953	2020			587579	99.8

Wind Chill

1991 to 2020 Canadian Climate Normals Element Analytics
Wind Chill
	Begin Year	End Year	Total Number of Years	Missing Years	Total Count of Observations	% of Possible Observations
Days with Wind Chill < -20	1991	2020	29	1	254039	99.4
Days with Wind Chill < -30	1991	2020	29	1	254039	99.4
Days with Wind Chill < -40	1991	2020	29	1	254039	99.4
Days with Wind Chill < -50	1991	2020	29	1	254039	99.4

1991 to 2020 Canadian Climate Normals Element Analytics
Wind Chill Extremes (Long-Term)
	Begin Year	End Year	Total Number of Years	Missing Years	Total Count of Observations	% of Possible Observations
Extreme Wind Chill	1953	2020			587639	99.8

Humidity

1991 to 2020 Canadian Climate Normals Element Analytics
Humidity
	Begin Year	End Year	Total Number of Years	Missing Years	Total Count of Observations	% of Possible Observations
Average Vapour Pressure (kPa)	1991	2020	29	1	254036	99.4
Average Relative Humidity - 0600LST (%)	1991	2020	29	1	10580	99.3
Average Relative Humidity - 1500LST (%)	1991	2020	29	1	10586	99.4

Pressure

1991 to 2020 Canadian Climate Normals Element Analytics
Pressure
	Begin Year	End Year	Total Number of Years	Missing Years	Total Count of Observations	% of Possible Observations
Average Station Pressure (kPa)	1991	2020	29	1	254034	99.4
Average Sea Level Pressure (kPa)	1991	2020	29	1	254032	99.4

Visibility (hours with)

1991 to 2020 Canadian Climate Normals Element Analytics
Visibility (hours with)
	Begin Year	End Year	Total Number of Years	Missing Years	Total Count of Observations	% of Possible Observations
< 1 km	1991	2020	29	1	254069	99.4
1 to 9 km	1991	2020	29	1	254069	99.4
> 9 km	1991	2020	29	1	254069	99.4

Cloud Amount (hours with)

1991 to 2020 Canadian Climate Normals Element Analytics
Cloud Amount (hours with)
	Begin Year	End Year	Total Number of Years	Missing Years	Total Count of Observations	% of Possible Observations
0 to 2 tenths	1991	2013	20	4	158832	80.4
3 to 7 tenths	1991	2013	20	4	158832	80.4
8 to 10 tenths	1991	2013	20	4	158832	80.4

Frost-Free

1991 to 2020 Canadian Climate Normals Element Analytics
Frost-Free
	Begin Year	End Year	Total Number of Years	Missing Years	Total Count of Observations	% of Possible Observations
Average Date of Last Spring Frost	1991	2020	23	7	23	76.7
Average Date of First Fall Frost	1991	2020	23	7	23	76.7
Average Length of Frost-Free Period	1991	2020	23	7	23	76.7
Probability of last temperature in spring <= 0°C, on or after (Date)
10 %	1941	2020			71	88.8
25 %	1941	2020			71	88.8
33 %	1941	2020			71	88.8
50 %	1941	2020			71	88.8
66 %	1941	2020			71	88.8
75 %	1941	2020			71	88.8
90 %	1941	2020			71	88.8
Probability of first temperature in fall <= 0°C, on or before (Date)
10 %	1941	2020			71	88.8
25 %	1941	2020			71	88.8
33 %	1941	2020			71	88.8
50 %	1941	2020			71	88.8
66 %	1941	2020			71	88.8
75 %	1941	2020			71	88.8
90 %	1941	2020			71	88.8
Probability of frost-free period equal to or less than indicated period (Days)
10 %	1941	2020			71	88.8
25 %	1941	2020			71	88.8
33 %	1941	2020			71	88.8
50 %	1941	2020			71	88.8
66 %	1941	2020			71	88.8
75 %	1941	2020			71	88.8
90 %	1941	2020			71	88.8

Composite Metadata / Threads

The Climate Normals, Averages, and Extremes are based on Canadian climate composite stations with at least 15 years of data between 1991 and 2020. Composite stations are comprised of one or more stations operated by the Meteorological Service of Canada (MSC) or its partners, where data from individual stations are joined together to create a 30-year data series for a given location. All stations (and associated metadata) used as part of the composite are listed below, alongside the threads used to calculate each Normals/Extremes element.

TORONTO PEARSON (AIRPORT)
ONTARIO

Related Data

Calculation Information Normals Data Element Analytics

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Composite Station Metadata

All stations used in the composite for all Normals and Extremes elements are listed. Station metadata includes station name, station identifiers, coordinates, and elevation.

Composite Station Name: TORONTO PEARSON (AIRPORT)

Station Name	Climate ID	WMO ID	TC ID	Latitude	Longitude	Elevation (m)
TORONTO INTL A	6158731	71624	YYZ	43°40'36.000" N	79°37'50.000" W	173.4
TORONTO LESTER B. PEARSON INT'L A	6158733	71624	YYZ	43°40'38.000" N	79°37'50.000" W	173.4

Composite Station Threads

Station composites are threaded from the beginning of the Normals period starting in 1991 to the end of 2020, where the predecessor site's data is used until the end of its period of record and is then joined to the current operating site to extend the time series. Threads are generated by climate element for hourly and daily data, and may vary due to differences in station history, instrumentation, meteorological data availability, data quality, or proximity. Normals and Extremes elements are grouped based on the climate element used in its calculation. For long-term extremes (LTE), the same Normals period threads are extended back in time to the earliest date of data available from the first station used in the data series. These use the LTE Start Date instead of the Start Date, that applies to normals period elements.

For additional station metadata information, refer to the above section "Composite Station Metadata".

Composite Station Name: TORONTO PEARSON (AIRPORT)

Temperature

1991 to 2020 Canadian Climate Normals (Composite) Station Threads
Normals/Extremes Elements	Climate Element	Station Name	Climate ID	LTE Start Date	Start Date	End Date
Daily Average (°C) Standard Deviation Maximum Daily Mean (°C) (LTE) Minimum Daily Mean (°C) (LTE)	DAILY MEAN TEMPERATURE	TORONTO LESTER B. PEARSON INT'L A	6158733	1937/11/01	1991/01/01	2013/06/13
	DAILY MEAN TEMPERATURE	TORONTO INTL A	6158731		2013/06/14	2020/12/31
Daily Maximum (°C) Extreme Maximum (°C) (LTE) Minimum Daily Maximum (°C) (LTE)	DAILY MAXIMUM TEMPERATURE	TORONTO LESTER B. PEARSON INT'L A	6158733	1937/11/01	1991/01/01	2013/06/13
	DAILY MAXIMUM TEMPERATURE	TORONTO INTL A	6158731		2013/06/14	2020/12/31
Daily Minimum (°C) Maximum Daily Minimum (°C) (LTE) Extreme Minimum (°C) (LTE)	DAILY MINIMUM TEMPERATURE	TORONTO LESTER B. PEARSON INT'L A	6158733	1937/11/01	1991/01/01	2013/06/13
	DAILY MINIMUM TEMPERATURE	TORONTO INTL A	6158731		2013/06/14	2020/12/31

Precipitation

1991 to 2020 Canadian Climate Normals (Composite) Station Threads
Normals/Extremes Elements	Climate Element	Station Name	Climate ID	LTE Start Date	Start Date	End Date
Rainfall (mm) Extreme Daily Rainfall (mm) (LTE)	DAILY TOTAL RAINFALL	TORONTO LESTER B. PEARSON INT'L A	6158733	1937/11/01	1991/01/01	2013/06/13
Rainfall (mm) Extreme Daily Rainfall (mm) (LTE)	DAILY TOTAL RAINFALL	TORONTO INTL A	6158731		2013/06/14	2020/12/31
Snowfall (cm) Extreme Daily Snowfall (cm) (LTE)	DAILY TOTAL SNOWFALL	TORONTO LESTER B. PEARSON INT'L A	6158733	1937/11/01	1991/01/01	2013/06/13
Snowfall (cm) Extreme Daily Snowfall (cm) (LTE)	DAILY TOTAL SNOWFALL	TORONTO INTL A	6158731		2013/06/14	2020/12/31
Precipitation (mm) Extreme Daily Precipitation (mm) (LTE)	DAILY TOTAL PRECIPITATION	TORONTO LESTER B. PEARSON INT'L A	6158733	1937/11/01	1991/01/01	2013/06/13
Precipitation (mm) Extreme Daily Precipitation (mm) (LTE)	DAILY TOTAL PRECIPITATION	TORONTO INTL A	6158731		2013/06/14	2020/12/31
Average Snow Depth (cm) Median Snow Depth (cm) Snow Depth at Month-end (cm) Extreme Snow Depth (cm) (LTE)	SNOW ON GROUND	TORONTO LESTER B. PEARSON INT'L A	6158733	1955/01/01	1991/01/01	2013/06/13
	SNOW ON GROUND	TORONTO INTL A	6158731		2013/06/14	2020/12/31

Days With ...

1991 to 2020 Canadian Climate Normals (Composite) Station Threads
Normals/Extremes Elements	Climate Element	Station Name	Climate ID	Start Date	End Date
Freezing Rain or Freezing Drizzle	DAY WITH FREEZING RAIN	TORONTO LESTER B. PEARSON INT'L A	6158733	1991/01/01	2013/06/13
Freezing Rain or Freezing Drizzle	DAY WITH FREEZING RAIN	TORONTO INTL A	6158731	2013/06/14	2020/12/31
Thunderstorms	DAY WITH THUNDERSTORMS	TORONTO LESTER B. PEARSON INT'L A	6158733	1991/01/01	2013/06/13
Thunderstorms	DAY WITH THUNDERSTORMS	TORONTO INTL A	6158731	2013/06/14	2020/12/31
Hail	DAY WITH HAIL	TORONTO LESTER B. PEARSON INT'L A	6158733	1991/01/01	2013/06/13
Hail	DAY WITH HAIL	TORONTO INTL A	6158731	2013/06/14	2020/12/31
Fog, Ice Fog, or Freezing Fog	DAY WITH FOG OR ICE FOG	TORONTO LESTER B. PEARSON INT'L A	6158733	1991/01/01	2013/06/13
Fog, Ice Fog, or Freezing Fog	DAY WITH FOG OR ICE FOG	TORONTO INTL A	6158731	2013/06/14	2020/12/31
Smoke or Haze	DAY WITH SMOKE/HAZE	TORONTO LESTER B. PEARSON INT'L A	6158733	1991/01/01	2013/06/13
Smoke or Haze	DAY WITH SMOKE/HAZE	TORONTO INTL A	6158731	2013/06/14	2020/12/31

Days with Maximum Temperature

1991 to 2020 Canadian Climate Normals (Composite) Station Threads
Normals/Extremes Elements	Climate Element	Station Name	Climate ID	LTE Start Date	Start Date	End Date
<= 0 °C > 0 °C > 10 °C > 20 °C > 30 °C > 35 °C	DAILY MAXIMUM TEMPERATURE	TORONTO LESTER B. PEARSON INT'L A	6158733		1991/01/01	2013/06/13
<= 0 °C > 0 °C > 10 °C > 20 °C > 30 °C > 35 °C	DAILY MAXIMUM TEMPERATURE	TORONTO INTL A	6158731		2013/06/14	2020/12/31

Days with Minimum Temperature

1991 to 2020 Canadian Climate Normals (Composite) Station Threads
Normals/Extremes Elements	Climate Element	Station Name	Climate ID	LTE Start Date	Start Date	End Date
> 0 °C <= 2 °C <= 0 °C < -2 °C < -10 °C < -20 °C < -30 °C	DAILY MINIMUM TEMPERATURE	TORONTO LESTER B. PEARSON INT'L A	6158733		1991/01/01	2013/06/13
> 0 °C <= 2 °C <= 0 °C < -2 °C < -10 °C < -20 °C < -30 °C	DAILY MINIMUM TEMPERATURE	TORONTO INTL A	6158731		2013/06/14	2020/12/31

Days with Rainfall

1991 to 2020 Canadian Climate Normals (Composite) Station Threads
Normals/Extremes Elements	Climate Element	Station Name	Climate ID	LTE Start Date	Start Date	End Date
>= 0.2 mm >= 5 mm >= 10 mm >= 25 mm	DAILY TOTAL RAINFALL	TORONTO LESTER B. PEARSON INT'L A	6158733		1991/01/01	2013/06/13
>= 0.2 mm >= 5 mm >= 10 mm >= 25 mm	DAILY TOTAL RAINFALL	TORONTO INTL A	6158731		2013/06/14	2020/12/31

Days With Snowfall

1991 to 2020 Canadian Climate Normals (Composite) Station Threads
Normals/Extremes Elements	Climate Element	Station Name	Climate ID	LTE Start Date	Start Date	End Date
>= 0.2 cm >= 5 cm >= 10 cm >= 25 cm	DAILY TOTAL SNOWFALL	TORONTO LESTER B. PEARSON INT'L A	6158733		1991/01/01	2013/06/13
>= 0.2 cm >= 5 cm >= 10 cm >= 25 cm	DAILY TOTAL SNOWFALL	TORONTO INTL A	6158731		2013/06/14	2020/12/31

Days with Precipitation

1991 to 2020 Canadian Climate Normals (Composite) Station Threads
Normals/Extremes Elements	Climate Element	Station Name	Climate ID	LTE Start Date	Start Date	End Date
>= 0.2 mm >= 5 mm >= 10 mm >= 25 mm	DAILY TOTAL PRECIPITATION	TORONTO LESTER B. PEARSON INT'L A	6158733		1991/01/01	2013/06/13
>= 0.2 mm >= 5 mm >= 10 mm >= 25 mm	DAILY TOTAL PRECIPITATION	TORONTO INTL A	6158731		2013/06/14	2020/12/31

Days with Snow Depth

1991 to 2020 Canadian Climate Normals (Composite) Station Threads
Normals/Extremes Elements	Climate Element	Station Name	Climate ID	LTE Start Date	Start Date	End Date
>= 1 cm >= 5 cm >= 10 cm >= 20 cm >= 50 cm >= 100 cm	SNOW ON GROUND	TORONTO LESTER B. PEARSON INT'L A	6158733		1991/01/01	2013/06/13
>= 1 cm >= 5 cm >= 10 cm >= 20 cm >= 50 cm >= 100 cm	SNOW ON GROUND	TORONTO INTL A	6158731		2013/06/14	2020/12/31

Wind

1991 to 2020 Canadian Climate Normals (Composite) Station Threads
Normals/Extremes Elements	Climate Element	Station Name	Climate ID	LTE Start Date	Start Date	End Date
Days with Winds >= 52 km/h	DAY WITH WIND SPEED >= 28 KNOTS	TORONTO LESTER B. PEARSON INT'L A	6158733		1991/01/01	2013/06/13
Days with Winds >= 52 km/h	DAY WITH WIND SPEED >= 28 KNOTS	TORONTO INTL A	6158731		2018/10/01	2020/12/31
Days with Winds >= 63 km/h	DAY WITH WIND SPEED >= 34 KNOTS	TORONTO LESTER B. PEARSON INT'L A	6158733		1991/01/01	2013/06/13
Days with Winds >= 63 km/h	DAY WITH WIND SPEED >= 34 KNOTS	TORONTO INTL A	6158731		2018/10/01	2020/12/31
Speed (km/h) Extreme Speed (km/h) (LTE)	WIND SPEED	TORONTO LESTER B. PEARSON INT'L A	6158733	1953/01/01	1991/01/01	2013/06/12
Speed (km/h) Extreme Speed (km/h) (LTE)	WIND SPEED	TORONTO INTL A	6158731		2013/06/13	2020/12/31
Most Frequent Direction Direction of Extreme Speed (LTE)	WIND DIRECTION	TORONTO LESTER B. PEARSON INT'L A	6158733	1953/01/01	1991/01/01	2013/06/12
Most Frequent Direction Direction of Extreme Speed (LTE)	WIND DIRECTION	TORONTO INTL A	6158731		2013/06/13	2020/12/31
Extreme Gust Speed (km/h) (LTE)	SPEED OF EXTREME GUST	TORONTO LESTER B. PEARSON INT'L A	6158733	1955/02/01	1991/01/01	2013/06/13
Extreme Gust Speed (km/h) (LTE)	SPEED OF EXTREME GUST	TORONTO INTL A	6158731		2013/06/14	2020/12/31
Direction of Extreme Gust Speed (LTE)	DIRECTION OF EXTREME GUST	TORONTO LESTER B. PEARSON INT'L A	6158733	1955/02/01	1991/01/01	2013/06/13
Direction of Extreme Gust Speed (LTE)	DIRECTION OF EXTREME GUST	TORONTO INTL A	6158731		2013/06/14	2020/12/31

Degree Days

1991 to 2020 Canadian Climate Normals (Composite) Station Threads
Normals/Extremes Elements	Climate Element	Station Name	Climate ID	LTE Start Date	Start Date	End Date
Above 24 °C Above 18 °C Above 15 °C Above 10 °C Above 5 °C Above 0 °C Below 0 °C Below 5 °C Below 10 °C Below 15 °C Below 18 °C	DAILY MEAN TEMPERATURE	TORONTO LESTER B. PEARSON INT'L A	6158733		1991/01/01	2013/06/13
	DAILY MEAN TEMPERATURE	TORONTO INTL A	6158731		2013/06/14	2020/12/31

Quintiles

1991 to 2020 Canadian Climate Normals (Composite) Station Threads
Normals/Extremes Elements	Climate Element	Station Name	Climate ID	LTE Start Date	Start Date	End Date
Quintile 1 (Lower Bound) Quintile 1 (Upper Bound) Quintile 2 (Upper Bound) Quintile 3 (Upper Bound) Quintile 4 (Upper Bound) Quintile 5 (Upper Bound)	DAILY TOTAL PRECIPITATION	TORONTO LESTER B. PEARSON INT'L A	6158733		1991/01/01	2013/06/13
	DAILY TOTAL PRECIPITATION	TORONTO INTL A	6158731		2013/06/14	2020/12/31

Humidex

1991 to 2020 Canadian Climate Normals (Composite) Station Threads
Normals/Extremes Elements	Climate Element	Station Name	Climate ID	LTE Start Date	Start Date	End Date
Days with Humidex >= 30 Days with Humidex >= 35 Days with Humidex >= 40 Extreme Humidex (LTE)	DEW POINT TEMPERATURE	TORONTO LESTER B. PEARSON INT'L A	6158733	1953/01/01	1991/01/01	2013/06/12
	DEW POINT TEMPERATURE	TORONTO INTL A	6158731		2013/06/13	2020/12/31
	DRY BULB TEMPERATURE	TORONTO LESTER B. PEARSON INT'L A	6158733	1953/01/01	1991/01/01	2013/06/12
	DRY BULB TEMPERATURE	TORONTO INTL A	6158731		2013/06/13	2020/12/31

Wind Chill

1991 to 2020 Canadian Climate Normals (Composite) Station Threads
Normals/Extremes Elements	Climate Element	Station Name	Climate ID	LTE Start Date	Start Date	End Date
Days with Wind Chill < -20 Days with Wind Chill < -30 Days with Wind Chill < -40 Extreme Wind Chill (LTE)	DRY BULB TEMPERATURE	TORONTO LESTER B. PEARSON INT'L A	6158733	1953/01/01	1991/01/01	2013/06/12
	DRY BULB TEMPERATURE	TORONTO INTL A	6158731		2013/06/13	2020/12/31
	WIND SPEED	TORONTO LESTER B. PEARSON INT'L A	6158733	1953/01/01	1991/01/01	2013/06/12
	WIND SPEED	TORONTO INTL A	6158731		2013/06/13	2020/12/31

Humidity

1991 to 2020 Canadian Climate Normals (Composite) Station Threads
Normals/Extremes Elements	Climate Element	Station Name	Climate ID	Start Date	End Date
Average Vapour Pressure (kPa)	DEW POINT TEMPERATURE	TORONTO LESTER B. PEARSON INT'L A	6158733	1991/01/01	2013/06/12
Average Vapour Pressure (kPa)	DEW POINT TEMPERATURE	TORONTO INTL A	6158731	2013/06/13	2020/12/31
Average Relative Humidity - 0600LST (%) Average Relative Humidity - 1500LST (%)	RELATIVE HUMIDITY	TORONTO LESTER B. PEARSON INT'L A	6158733	1991/01/01	2013/06/12
	RELATIVE HUMIDITY	TORONTO INTL A	6158731	2013/06/13	2020/12/31

Pressure

1991 to 2020 Canadian Climate Normals (Composite) Station Threads
Normals/Extremes Elements	Climate Element	Station Name	Climate ID	Start Date	End Date
Average Station Pressure (kPa)	STATION PRESSURE	TORONTO LESTER B. PEARSON INT'L A	6158733	1991/01/01	2013/06/12
Average Station Pressure (kPa)	STATION PRESSURE	TORONTO INTL A	6158731	2013/06/13	2020/12/31
Average Sea Level Pressure (kPa)	SEA LEVEL PRESSURE	TORONTO LESTER B. PEARSON INT'L A	6158733	1991/01/01	2013/06/12
Average Sea Level Pressure (kPa)	SEA LEVEL PRESSURE	TORONTO INTL A	6158731	2013/06/13	2020/12/31

Visibility (hours with)

1991 to 2020 Canadian Climate Normals (Composite) Station Threads
Normals/Extremes Elements	Climate Element	Station Name	Climate ID	LTE Start Date	Start Date	End Date
< 1 km 1 to 9 km > 9 km	VISIBILITY	TORONTO LESTER B. PEARSON INT'L A	6158733		1991/01/01	2013/06/12
< 1 km 1 to 9 km > 9 km	VISIBILITY	TORONTO INTL A	6158731		2013/06/13	2020/12/31

Cloud Amount (hours with)

1991 to 2020 Canadian Climate Normals (Composite) Station Threads
Normals/Extremes Elements	Climate Element	Station Name	Climate ID	LTE Start Date	Start Date	End Date
0 to 2 tenths 3 to 7 tenths 8 to 10 tenths	TOTAL CLOUD AMOUNT	TORONTO LESTER B. PEARSON INT'L A	6158733		1991/01/01	2013/06/13

Frost-Free

1991 to 2020 Canadian Climate Normals (Composite) Station Threads
Normals/Extremes Elements	Climate Element	Station Name	Climate ID	LTE Start Date	Start Date	End Date
Average Date of Last Spring Frost Average Date of First Fall Frost Average Length of Frost-Free Period Probability of last temperature in spring <= 0°C, on or after (Date) (LTE) Probability of first temperature in fall <= 0°C, on or before (Date) (LTE) Probability of frost-free period equal to or less than indicated period (Days) (LTE)	DAILY MINIMUM TEMPERATURE	TORONTO LESTER B. PEARSON INT'L A	6158733	1941/01/01	1991/01/01	2013/06/13
	DAILY MINIMUM TEMPERATURE	TORONTO INTL A	6158731		2013/06/14	2020/01/31

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Date modified:: 2024-03-27

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Canadian Climate Normals 1991-2020 Data

Temperature and Precipitation Graph for 1991 to 2020 Canadian Climate Normals
TORONTO PEARSON (AIRPORT)

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Canadian Climate Normals 1991-2020 Data

Temperature and Precipitation Graph for 1991 to 2020 Canadian Climate NormalsTORONTO PEARSON (AIRPORT)

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Temperature and Precipitation Graph for 1991 to 2020 Canadian Climate Normals
TORONTO PEARSON (AIRPORT)