The Climate Normals, Averages, and Extremes are based on Canadian climate composite stations with at least 15 years of data between 1991 and 2020. Composite stations are comprised of one or more stations operated by the Meteorological Service of Canada (MSC) or its partners, where data from individual stations are joined together to create a 30-year data series for a given location. All stations (and associated metadata) used as part of the composite are listed below, alongside the threads used to calculate each Normals/Extremes element.
YELLOWKNIFE (AIRPORT) NORTHWEST TERRITORIES
Composite Station Metadata All stations used in the composite for all Normals and Extremes elements are listed. Station metadata includes station name, station identifiers, coordinates, and elevation.
Composite Station Name: YELLOWKNIFE (AIRPORT)
Composite Station Threads Station composites are threaded from the beginning of the Normals period starting in 1991 to the end of 2020, where the predecessor site's data is used until the end of its period of record and is then joined to the current operating site to extend the time series. Threads are generated by climate element for hourly and daily data, and may vary due to differences in station history, instrumentation, meteorological data availability, data quality, or proximity. Normals and Extremes elements are grouped based on the climate element used in its calculation. For long-term extremes (LTE), the same Normals period threads are extended back in time to the earliest date of data available from the first station used in the data series. These use the LTE Start Date instead of the Start Date, that applies to normals period elements.
For additional station metadata information, refer to the above section "Composite Station Metadata" .
Composite Station Name: YELLOWKNIFE (AIRPORT)
Temperature
1991 to 2020 Canadian Climate Normals (Composite) Station Threads
Normals/Extremes Elements Climate Element Station Name Climate ID LTE Start DateStart Date End Date
Daily Average (°C) Standard Deviation Maximum Daily Mean (°C) (LTE) Minimum Daily Mean (°C) (LTE) DAILY MEAN TEMPERATURE YELLOWKNIFE A 2204100 1942/07/01 1991/01/01 2013/01/15 YELLOWKNIFE A 2204101 2013/01/16 2020/12/31 Daily Maximum (°C) Extreme Maximum (°C) (LTE) Minimum Daily Maximum (°C) (LTE) DAILY MAXIMUM TEMPERATURE YELLOWKNIFE A 2204100 1942/07/01 1991/01/01 2013/01/15 YELLOWKNIFE A 2204101 2013/01/16 2020/12/31 Daily Minimum (°C) Maximum Daily Minimum (°C) (LTE) Extreme Minimum (°C) (LTE) DAILY MINIMUM TEMPERATURE YELLOWKNIFE A 2204100 1942/07/01 1991/01/01 2013/01/15 YELLOWKNIFE A 2204101 2013/01/16 2020/12/31
Precipitation
1991 to 2020 Canadian Climate Normals (Composite) Station Threads
Normals/Extremes Elements Climate Element Station Name Climate ID LTE Start DateStart Date End Date
Rainfall (mm) Extreme Daily Rainfall (mm) (LTE) DAILY TOTAL RAINFALL YELLOWKNIFE A 2204100 1942/07/01 1991/01/01 2013/01/15 YELLOWKNIFE A 2204101 2013/01/16 2020/12/31 Snowfall (cm) Extreme Daily Snowfall (cm) (LTE) DAILY TOTAL SNOWFALL YELLOWKNIFE A 2204100 1942/07/01 1991/01/01 2013/01/15 YELLOWKNIFE A 2204101 2013/01/16 2020/12/31 Precipitation (mm) Extreme Daily Precipitation (mm) (LTE) DAILY TOTAL PRECIPITATION YELLOWKNIFE A 2204100 1942/07/01 1991/01/01 2013/01/15 YELLOWKNIFE A 2204101 2013/01/16 2020/12/31 Average Snow Depth (cm) Median Snow Depth (cm) Snow Depth at Month-end (cm) Extreme Snow Depth (cm) (LTE) SNOW ON GROUND YELLOWKNIFE A 2204100 1955/01/01 1991/01/01 2013/01/15 YELLOWKNIFE A 2204101 2013/01/16 2020/12/31
Days With ...
1991 to 2020 Canadian Climate Normals (Composite) Station Threads
Normals/Extremes Elements Climate Element Station Name Climate ID LTE Start DateStart Date End Date
Freezing Rain or Freezing Drizzle DAY WITH FREEZING RAIN YELLOWKNIFE A 2204100 1991/01/01 2013/01/15 YELLOWKNIFE A 2204101 2013/01/16 2020/12/31 DAY WITH THUNDERSTORMS YELLOWKNIFE A 2204100 1991/01/01 2013/01/15 YELLOWKNIFE A 2204101 2013/01/16 2020/12/31 DAY WITH HAIL YELLOWKNIFE A 2204100 1991/01/01 2013/01/15 YELLOWKNIFE A 2204101 2013/01/16 2020/12/31 Fog, Ice Fog, or Freezing Fog DAY WITH FOG OR ICE FOG YELLOWKNIFE A 2204100 1991/01/01 2013/01/15 YELLOWKNIFE A 2204101 2013/01/16 2020/12/31 DAY WITH SMOKE/HAZE YELLOWKNIFE A 2204100 1991/01/01 2013/01/15 YELLOWKNIFE A 2204101 2013/01/16 2020/12/31
Days with Maximum Temperature
1991 to 2020 Canadian Climate Normals (Composite) Station Threads
Normals/Extremes Elements Climate Element Station Name Climate ID LTE Start DateStart Date End Date
<= 0 °C > 0 °C > 10 °C > 20 °C > 30 °C > 35 °C DAILY MAXIMUM TEMPERATURE YELLOWKNIFE A 2204100 1991/01/01 2013/01/15 YELLOWKNIFE A 2204101 2013/01/16 2020/12/31
Days with Minimum Temperature
1991 to 2020 Canadian Climate Normals (Composite) Station Threads
Normals/Extremes Elements Climate Element Station Name Climate ID LTE Start DateStart Date End Date
> 0 °C <= 2 °C <= 0 °C < -2 °C < -10 °C < -20 °C < -30 °C DAILY MINIMUM TEMPERATURE YELLOWKNIFE A 2204100 1991/01/01 2013/01/15 YELLOWKNIFE A 2204101 2013/01/16 2020/12/31
Days with Rainfall
1991 to 2020 Canadian Climate Normals (Composite) Station Threads
Normals/Extremes Elements Climate Element Station Name Climate ID LTE Start DateStart Date End Date
>= 0.2 mm >= 5 mm >= 10 mm >= 25 mm DAILY TOTAL RAINFALL YELLOWKNIFE A 2204100 1991/01/01 2013/01/15 YELLOWKNIFE A 2204101 2013/01/16 2020/12/31
Days With Snowfall
1991 to 2020 Canadian Climate Normals (Composite) Station Threads
Normals/Extremes Elements Climate Element Station Name Climate ID LTE Start DateStart Date End Date
>= 0.2 cm >= 5 cm >= 10 cm >= 25 cm DAILY TOTAL SNOWFALL YELLOWKNIFE A 2204100 1991/01/01 2013/01/15 YELLOWKNIFE A 2204101 2013/01/16 2020/12/31
Days with Precipitation
1991 to 2020 Canadian Climate Normals (Composite) Station Threads
Normals/Extremes Elements Climate Element Station Name Climate ID LTE Start DateStart Date End Date
>= 0.2 mm >= 5 mm >= 10 mm >= 25 mm DAILY TOTAL PRECIPITATION YELLOWKNIFE A 2204100 1991/01/01 2013/01/15 YELLOWKNIFE A 2204101 2013/01/16 2020/12/31
Days with Snow Depth
1991 to 2020 Canadian Climate Normals (Composite) Station Threads
Normals/Extremes Elements Climate Element Station Name Climate ID LTE Start DateStart Date End Date
>= 1 cm >= 5 cm >= 10 cm >= 20 cm >= 50 cm >= 100 cm SNOW ON GROUND YELLOWKNIFE A 2204100 1991/01/01 2013/01/15 YELLOWKNIFE A 2204101 2013/01/16 2020/12/31
Wind
1991 to 2020 Canadian Climate Normals (Composite) Station Threads
Normals/Extremes Elements Climate Element Station Name Climate ID LTE Start DateStart Date End Date
Days with Winds >= 52 km/h DAY WITH WIND SPEED >= 28 KNOTS YELLOWKNIFE A 2204100 1991/01/01 2013/01/15 YELLOWKNIFE A 2204101 2013/01/16 2020/12/31 Days with Winds >= 63 km/h DAY WITH WIND SPEED >= 34 KNOTS YELLOWKNIFE A 2204100 1991/01/01 2013/01/15 YELLOWKNIFE A 2204101 2013/01/16 2020/12/31 Speed (km/h) Extreme Speed (km/h) (LTE) WIND SPEED YELLOWKNIFE A 2204100 1953/01/01 1991/01/01 2013/01/15 YELLOWKNIFE A 2204101 2013/01/16 2020/12/31 Most Frequent Direction Direction of Extreme Speed (LTE) WIND DIRECTION YELLOWKNIFE A 2204100 1953/01/01 1991/01/01 2013/01/15 YELLOWKNIFE A 2204101 2013/01/16 2020/12/31 Extreme Gust Speed (km/h) (LTE) SPEED OF EXTREME GUST YELLOWKNIFE A 2204100 1955/02/01 1991/01/01 2013/01/15 YELLOWKNIFE A 2204101 2013/01/16 2020/12/31 Direction of Extreme Gust Speed (LTE) DIRECTION OF EXTREME GUST YELLOWKNIFE A 2204100 1955/02/01 1991/01/01 2013/01/15 YELLOWKNIFE A 2204101 2013/01/16 2020/12/31
Degree Days
1991 to 2020 Canadian Climate Normals (Composite) Station Threads
Normals/Extremes Elements Climate Element Station Name Climate ID LTE Start DateStart Date End Date
Above 24 °C Above 18 °C Above 15 °C Above 10 °C Above 5 °C Above 0 °C Below 0 °C Below 5 °C Below 10 °C Below 15 °C Below 18 °C DAILY MEAN TEMPERATURE YELLOWKNIFE A 2204100 1991/01/01 2013/01/15 YELLOWKNIFE A 2204101 2013/01/16 2020/12/31
Quintiles
1991 to 2020 Canadian Climate Normals (Composite) Station Threads
Normals/Extremes Elements Climate Element Station Name Climate ID LTE Start DateStart Date End Date
Quintile 1 (Lower Bound) Quintile 1 (Upper Bound) Quintile 2 (Upper Bound) Quintile 3 (Upper Bound) Quintile 4 (Upper Bound) Quintile 5 (Upper Bound) DAILY TOTAL PRECIPITATION YELLOWKNIFE A 2204100 1991/01/01 2013/01/15 YELLOWKNIFE A 2204101 2013/01/16 2020/12/31
Humidex
1991 to 2020 Canadian Climate Normals (Composite) Station Threads
Normals/Extremes Elements Climate Element Station Name Climate ID LTE Start DateStart Date End Date
Days with Humidex >= 30 Days with Humidex >= 35 Days with Humidex >= 40 Extreme Humidex (LTE) DEW POINT TEMPERATURE YELLOWKNIFE A 2204100 1953/01/01 1991/01/01 2013/01/15 YELLOWKNIFE A 2204101 2013/01/16 2020/12/31 DRY BULB TEMPERATURE YELLOWKNIFE A 2204100 1953/01/01 1991/01/01 2013/01/15 YELLOWKNIFE A 2204101 2013/01/16 2020/12/31
Wind Chill
1991 to 2020 Canadian Climate Normals (Composite) Station Threads
Normals/Extremes Elements Climate Element Station Name Climate ID LTE Start DateStart Date End Date
Days with Wind Chill < -20 Days with Wind Chill < -30 Days with Wind Chill < -40 Extreme Wind Chill (LTE) DRY BULB TEMPERATURE YELLOWKNIFE A 2204100 1953/01/01 1991/01/01 2013/01/15 YELLOWKNIFE A 2204101 2013/01/16 2020/12/31 WIND SPEED YELLOWKNIFE A 2204100 1953/01/01 1991/01/01 2013/01/15 YELLOWKNIFE A 2204101 2013/01/16 2020/12/31
Humidity
1991 to 2020 Canadian Climate Normals (Composite) Station Threads
Normals/Extremes Elements Climate Element Station Name Climate ID LTE Start DateStart Date End Date
Average Vapour Pressure (kPa) DEW POINT TEMPERATURE YELLOWKNIFE A 2204100 1991/01/01 2013/01/15 YELLOWKNIFE A 2204101 2013/01/16 2020/12/31 Average Relative Humidity - 0600LST (%) Average Relative Humidity - 1500LST (%) RELATIVE HUMIDITY YELLOWKNIFE A 2204100 1991/01/01 2013/01/15 YELLOWKNIFE A 2204101 2013/01/16 2020/12/31
Pressure
1991 to 2020 Canadian Climate Normals (Composite) Station Threads
Normals/Extremes Elements Climate Element Station Name Climate ID LTE Start DateStart Date End Date
Average Station Pressure (kPa) STATION PRESSURE YELLOWKNIFE A 2204100 1991/01/01 2013/01/15 YELLOWKNIFE A 2204101 2013/01/16 2020/12/31 Average Sea Level Pressure (kPa) SEA LEVEL PRESSURE YELLOWKNIFE A 2204100 1991/01/01 2013/01/15 YELLOWKNIFE A 2204101 2013/01/16 2020/12/31
Visibility (hours with)
1991 to 2020 Canadian Climate Normals (Composite) Station Threads
Normals/Extremes Elements Climate Element Station Name Climate ID LTE Start DateStart Date End Date
VISIBILITY YELLOWKNIFE A 2204100 1991/01/01 2013/01/15 YELLOWKNIFE A 2204101 2013/01/16 2020/12/31
Cloud Amount (hours with)
1991 to 2020 Canadian Climate Normals (Composite) Station Threads
Normals/Extremes Elements Climate Element Station Name Climate ID LTE Start DateStart Date End Date
0 to 2 tenths 3 to 7 tenths 8 to 10 tenths TOTAL CLOUD AMOUNT YELLOWKNIFE A 2204100 1991/01/01 2013/01/15 YELLOWKNIFE A 2204101 2013/01/16 2020/12/31
Frost-Free
1991 to 2020 Canadian Climate Normals (Composite) Station Threads
Normals/Extremes Elements Climate Element Station Name Climate ID LTE Start DateStart Date End Date
Average Date of Last Spring Frost Average Date of First Fall Frost Average Length of Frost-Free Period Probability of last temperature in spring <= 0°C, on or after (Date) (LTE) Probability of first temperature in fall <= 0°C, on or before (Date) (LTE) Probability of frost-free period equal to or less than indicated period (Days) (LTE) DAILY MINIMUM TEMPERATURE YELLOWKNIFE A 2204100 1943/01/01 1991/01/01 2011/01/31
Snow-Period
1991 to 2020 Canadian Climate Normals (Composite) Station Threads
Normals/Extremes Elements Climate Element Station Name Climate ID LTE Start DateStart Date End Date
Average Date of Last Spring Snowfall Average Date of First Fall Snowfall DAILY TOTAL SNOWFALL YELLOWKNIFE A 2204100 1991/01/01 2013/01/15 YELLOWKNIFE A 2204101 2013/01/16 2020/12/31