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Canadian Climate Normals 1991-2020 Data

Temperature and Precipitation Graph
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Normals Data

The minimum number of years used to calculate these Normals is indicated by a code for each element. A "+" beside an extreme date indicates that this date is the first occurrence of the extreme value. Values and dates in bold indicate all-time extremes at the location for that reporting period. Normal period extremes (NPE) are calculated for the 30-year normal period, whereas long-term extremes (LTE) extend further back in time to the earliest date available in the data series.

Data used in the calculation of these Normals may be subject to further quality assurance checks. This may result in minor changes to some values presented here.

CORNER BROOK *
NEWFOUNDLAND

* This station meets WMO standards for temperature and precipitation.

Download Data

Normals Data (CSV)
(all elements)
Temperature
1991 to 2020 Canadian Climate Normals Data
Temperature
  Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year Code
Daily Average (°C)-6.2-6.6-3.61.87.413.017.617.513.07.12.0-2.75.0A
Standard Deviation1.32.32.31.41.51.41.20.91.21.41.11.91.1A
Daily Maximum (°C)-2.6-2.50.96.212.618.322.822.417.610.95.10.39.3A
Daily Minimum (°C)-9.9-10.7-8.1-2.62.17.612.412.58.33.2-1.2-5.70.7A
1991 to 2020 Canadian Climate Normals Data
Temperature Extremes (Normal Period)
  Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year Code
Maximum Daily Mean (°C)11.410.39.614.019.623.925.225.923.521.116.012.7
Date (yyyy/dd)2006/ 151996/ 252000/ 302012/ 252012/ 222020/ 242007/ 282020/ 122001/ 102010/ 012008/ 162020/ 02
Minimum Daily Mean (°C)-18.6-22.8-19.2-12.9-1.61.67.78.22.7-2.2-8.7-14.2
Date (yyyy/dd)2014/ 021994/ 08+2003/ 161994/ 022001/ 012018/ 032009/ 061995/ 242018/ 181993/ 261993/ 252008/ 27
Extreme Maximum (°C)15.914.319.920.326.633.331.832.828.925.220.615.6
Date (yyyy/dd)2006/ 151996/ 17+1999/ 291996/ 271999/ 092003/ 272019/ 311996/ 062001/ 092010/ 012008/ 162020/ 02
Minimum Daily Maximum (°C)-16.2-19.1-16.1-6.81.53.19.310.85.2-0.1-5.1-11.4
Date (yyyy/dd)2014/ 021994/ 091997/ 092016/ 062013/ 181994/ 032019/ 021995/ 232004/ 211993/ 262018/ 232008/ 27
Maximum Daily Minimum (°C)9.86.26.411.314.019.721.521.419.817.012.29.8
Date (yyyy/dd)2006/ 161996/ 251998/ 112012/ 252020/ 302006/ 292005/ 202020/ 122017/ 072010/ 012001/ 032020/ 02
Extreme Minimum (°C)-22.7-28.2-26.2-19.1-5.1-1.42.61.9-1.3-5.8-14.1-18.7
Date (yyyy/dd)1994/ 261995/ 041997/ 101994/ 022001/ 012018/ 041995/ 022001/ 252018/ 191993/ 271996/ 292007/ 21
1991 to 2020 Canadian Climate Normals Data
Temperature Extremes (Long-Term)
  Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year Code
Maximum Daily Mean (°C)11.410.310.816.019.624.525.825.923.521.117.512.7
Date (yyyy/dd)2006/ 151996/ 251983/ 231983/ 27+2012/ 221936/ 111983/ 062020/ 122001/ 102010/ 011967/ 042020/ 02
Minimum Daily Mean (°C)-25.9-25.6-22.0-12.9-2.81.66.77.22.7-3.3-10.3-17.3
Date (yyyy/dd)1957/ 291934/ 101986/ 10+1994/ 021933/ 07+2018/ 031934/ 011934/ 312018/ 181936/ 271941/ 301984/ 27
Extreme Maximum (°C)15.914.319.922.527.233.334.434.431.125.221.716.7
Date (yyyy/dd)2006/ 151996/ 17+1999/ 291986/ 261950/ 261936/ 10+1936/ 111936/ 111936/ 242010/ 011967/ 03+1973/ 22
Minimum Daily Maximum (°C)-23.9-20.5-18.0-7.8-1.73.18.910.05.2-0.1-7.8-14.5
Date (yyyy/dd)1957/ 291990/ 031986/ 101941/ 06+1933/ 071994/ 031971/ 021952/ 302004/ 211993/ 261941/ 301984/ 27
Maximum Daily Minimum (°C)9.87.87.512.015.019.722.222.219.817.016.19.8
Date (yyyy/dd)2006/ 161970/ 041983/ 231983/ 271958/ 302006/ 291967/ 24+1970/ 032017/ 072010/ 011969/ 072020/ 02
Extreme Minimum (°C)-31.7-31.7-29.4-19.1-7.2-4.41.10.0-2.8-7.8-16.1-20.6
Date (yyyy/dd)1934/ 22+1934/ 101939/ 111994/ 021935/ 04+1934/ 02+1934/ 011934/ 311954/ 151935/ 16+1935/ 161962/ 30
Precipitation
1991 to 2020 Canadian Climate Normals Data
Precipitation
  Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year Code
Rainfall (mm)41.525.141.750.180.080.488.2107.5111.7113.693.052.6885.4A
Snowfall (cm)98.893.258.528.75.00.10.00.00.05.733.983.9407.6A
Precipitation (mm)139.9117.6100.679.085.080.588.2107.5111.7119.4127.1136.41,292.9A
Average Snow Depth (cm)4743
Median Snow Depth (cm)4643
Snow Depth at Month-end (cm)54
1991 to 2020 Canadian Climate Normals Data
Precipitation Extremes (Normal Period)
  Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year Code
Extreme Daily Rainfall (mm)52.349.076.555.451.782.864.344.554.771.460.739.0
Date (yyyy/dd)1999/ 241996/ 172003/ 312013/ 261993/ 151995/ 081996/ 142005/ 102012/ 102016/ 101995/ 262008/ 10
Extreme Daily Snowfall (cm)45.243.633.437.212.02.40.00.00.022.425.633.8
Date (yyyy/dd)2005/ 172015/ 052020/ 262018/ 082009/ 101994/ 031991/ 01+1991/ 01+1991/ 01+2011/ 302014/ 261998/ 18
Extreme Daily Precipitation (mm)52.349.076.555.451.782.864.344.554.771.460.742.4
Date (yyyy/dd)1999/ 241996/ 172003/ 312013/ 261993/ 151995/ 081996/ 142005/ 102012/ 102016/ 101995/ 262008/ 10
Extreme Snow Depth (cm)94881067950000102064
Date (yyyy/dd)2003/ 261993/ 111992/ 101997/ 042004/ 091991/ 01+1991/ 01+1991/ 01+1991/ 01+1999/ 19+1993/ 25+1993/ 31
1991 to 2020 Canadian Climate Normals Data
Precipitation Extremes (Long-Term)
  Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year Code
Extreme Daily Rainfall (mm)52.349.076.555.451.782.864.372.482.679.863.551.9
Date (yyyy/dd)1999/ 241996/ 172003/ 312013/ 261993/ 151995/ 081996/ 141935/ 02+1948/ 011957/ 021958/ 07+1990/ 08
Extreme Daily Snowfall (cm)45.261.033.437.217.82.50.00.01.022.438.143.2
Date (yyyy/dd)2005/ 171938/ 102020/ 262018/ 081939/ 05+1959/ 10+1933/ 01+1933/ 01+1989/ 272011/ 301938/ 251955/ 10
Extreme Daily Precipitation (mm)52.361.076.555.451.782.864.372.482.679.864.556.1
Date (yyyy/dd)1999/ 241938/ 102003/ 312013/ 261993/ 151995/ 081996/ 141935/ 02+1948/ 011957/ 021958/ 071990/ 08
Extreme Snow Depth (cm)12015512279100000102873
Date (yyyy/dd)1982/ 191988/ 18+1982/ 031997/ 041990/ 071978/ 01+1978/ 01+1978/ 01+1978/ 01+1999/ 19+1978/ 301978/ 12+
Days With ...
1991 to 2020 Canadian Climate Normals Data
Days With ...
  Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year Code
Freezing Rain or Freezing Drizzle1.00.800.47
Thunderstorms0.060.00.0
Hail0.00.130.13
Days with Maximum Temperature
1991 to 2020 Canadian Climate Normals Data
Days with Maximum Temperature
  Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year Code
<= -30 °C0.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.0C
<= -20 °C0.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.0C
<= -10 °C2.32.40.830.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.275.8C
<= 0 °C23.019.013.22.30.00.00.00.00.00.043.815.977.3C
> 0 °C8.09.217.827.731.030.031.031.030.031.026.215.1287.9C
> 10 °C0.620.481.36.320.228.031.031.028.816.65.41.4171.1C
> 20 °C0.00.00.00.043.111.823.523.29.10.800.050.071.6C
> 30 °C0.00.00.00.00.00.040.260.210.00.00.00.00.51C
> 35 °C0.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.0C
> 40 °C0.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.0C
Days with Minimum Temperature
1991 to 2020 Canadian Climate Normals Data
Days with Minimum Temperature
  Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year Code
> 20 °C0.00.00.00.00.00.00.130.130.00.00.00.00.26C
> 10 °C0.00.00.00.00.648.123.524.410.31.40.290.068.6C
> 0 °C0.620.441.68.122.829.631.031.029.524.810.83.3193.6C
<= 2 °C30.728.030.627.616.61.70.00.042.012.824.230.0204.0C
<= 0 °C30.427.829.421.98.20.360.00.00.526.218.827.5171.2C
< -2 °C29.026.526.115.02.30.00.00.00.01.611.824.4136.6C
< -10 °C15.915.911.81.40.00.00.00.00.00.00.545.851.3C
< -20 °C0.500.960.720.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.02.2C
< -30 °C0.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.0C
< -40 °C0.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.0C
Days with Rainfall
1991 to 2020 Canadian Climate Normals Data
Days with Rainfall
  Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year Code
>= 0.2 mm5.14.46.510.415.114.214.415.115.919.115.19.2144.5A
>= 5 mm2.21.62.73.05.35.15.66.56.87.35.73.555.3A
>= 10 mm1.50.771.21.52.62.42.63.53.93.73.11.628.4A
>= 25 mm0.430.130.210.200.390.430.450.830.790.480.520.215.1A
>= 50 mm0.040.00.030.070.040.040.030.00.030.100.030.00.41A
>= 100 mm0.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.0A
Days with Snowfall
1991 to 2020 Canadian Climate Normals Data
Days with Snowfall
  Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year Code
>= 0.2 cm21.617.814.07.41.90.040.00.00.01.69.318.091.6A
>= 5 cm7.36.24.11.80.290.00.00.00.00.342.26.028.3A
>= 10 cm2.42.51.50.570.110.00.00.00.00.170.902.110.2A
>= 25 cm0.110.370.100.070.00.00.00.00.00.00.030.290.97A
>= 40 cm0.040.100.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.14A
Days with Precipitation
1991 to 2020 Canadian Climate Normals Data
Days with Precipitation
  Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year Code
>= 0.2 mm23.719.417.115.115.814.214.415.115.919.520.623.5214.4A
>= 1 mm20.016.213.812.012.010.611.011.312.215.416.919.4170.9A
>= 5 mm9.37.56.75.15.65.15.66.56.87.68.09.283.0A
>= 10 mm4.23.53.22.42.72.42.63.53.93.94.34.441.0A
>= 25 mm0.640.670.450.300.390.430.450.830.790.550.620.616.7A
>= 50 mm0.040.00.030.070.040.040.030.00.030.100.070.00.45A
>= 100 mm0.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.0A
Wind
1991 to 2020 Canadian Climate Normals Data
Wind
  Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year Code
Speed (km/h)11.811.911.911.510.49.99.49.09.810.110.611.310.6C
Most Frequent DirectionWWWEEESWSWSWWWWWC
1991 to 2020 Canadian Climate Normals Data
Wind Extremes (Normal Period)
  Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year Code
Extreme Speed (km/h)505454485444444659594663
Date (yyyy/dd)1998/ 04+2004/ 191996/ 031999/ 28+2003/ 102005/ 281999/ 031995/ 251996/ 262000/ 292016/ 27+1996/ 20+
Direction of Extreme SpeedWESWNEEWWENNEESW
Extreme Gust Speed (km/h)10991938670727270968387106
Date (yyyy/dd)2015/ 252017/ 102013/ 222019/ 042012/ 192013/ 162012/ 122013/ 222010/ 042018/ 162013/ 022011/ 08
Direction of Extreme Gust SpeedSWSWESWWWSWSWSWSWSWSW
1991 to 2020 Canadian Climate Normals Data
Wind Extremes (Long-Term)
  Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year Code
Extreme Speed (km/h)505454485444444659594663
Date (yyyy/dd)1998/ 04+2004/ 191996/ 031999/ 28+2003/ 102005/ 281999/ 031995/ 251996/ 262000/ 292016/ 27+1996/ 20+
Direction of Extreme SpeedWESWNEEWWENNEESW
Extreme Gust Speed (km/h)10991938670727270968387106
Date (yyyy/dd)2015/ 252017/ 102013/ 222019/ 042012/ 192013/ 162012/ 122013/ 222010/ 042018/ 162013/ 022011/ 08
Direction of Extreme Gust SpeedSWSWESWWWSWSWSWSWSWSW
Degree Days
1991 to 2020 Canadian Climate Normals Data
Degree Days
  Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year Code
Above 24 °C0.00.00.00.00.00.00.10.10.00.00.00.00.2C
Above 18 °C0.00.00.00.00.05.530.127.54.60.10.00.067.7C
Above 15 °C0.00.00.00.01.324.789.085.821.71.00.10.0223.6C
Above 10 °C0.10.00.00.519.4104.7233.3229.8103.216.12.40.1709.6C
Above 5 °C1.10.61.412.291.3239.6388.0384.6240.482.118.72.21462.1C
Above 0 °C7.36.717.779.9231.1389.4543.0539.6390.0218.582.322.32527.7C
Below 0 °C201.4194.9133.522.90.10.00.00.00.00.420.8109.5683.4C
Below 5 °C350.3330.1272.2105.115.30.20.00.00.419.0107.3244.41444.2C
Below 10 °C504.2470.9425.8243.498.415.30.30.213.2108.0241.0397.32518.0C
Below 15 °C659.2612.3580.8392.9235.385.311.011.381.7247.9388.6552.23858.4C
Below 18 °C752.2697.2673.8482.9327.0156.145.045.9154.6340.0478.6645.24798.4C
Quintiles
1991 to 2020 Canadian Climate Normals Data
Quintiles
  Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year Code
Quintile 1 (Lower Bound)70.740.725.224.328.930.132.032.440.340.252.670.4
Quintile 1 (Upper Bound)116.479.475.448.351.657.752.366.073.275.991.694.0
Quintile 2 (Upper Bound)131.0106.188.864.566.869.674.792.6108.097.1104.4120.9
Quintile 3 (Upper Bound)140.4127.9101.881.391.982.791.7110.6124.9135.3120.1146.8
Quintile 4 (Upper Bound)176.1156.5125.0107.7116.9100.8109.2138.9136.2164.8158.4169.4
Quintile 5 (Upper Bound)218.0212.9206.7157.4159.2159.4178.7216.5176.9209.0240.1269.5
Humidex
1991 to 2020 Canadian Climate Normals Data
Humidex
  Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year Code
Days with Humidex >= 300.00.00.00.00.00.786.04.41.30.090.00.012.5C
Days with Humidex >= 350.00.00.00.00.00.040.880.580.130.00.00.01.6C
Days with Humidex >= 400.00.00.00.00.00.040.00.040.00.00.00.00.08C
1991 to 2020 Canadian Climate Normals Data
Humidex Extremes (Normal Period)
  Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year Code
Extreme Humidex18.314.519.419.728.140.238.440.136.531.026.320.1
Date (yyyy/dd)2006/ 151996/ 171999/ 291996/ 271999/ 092003/ 271998/ 172002/ 152001/ 102010/ 011999/ 281999/ 03
1991 to 2020 Canadian Climate Normals Data
Humidex Extremes (Long-Term)
  Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year Code
Extreme Humidex18.314.519.419.728.140.238.440.136.531.026.320.1
Date (yyyy/dd)2006/ 151996/ 171999/ 291996/ 271999/ 092003/ 271998/ 172002/ 152001/ 102010/ 011999/ 281999/ 03
Wind Chill
1991 to 2020 Canadian Climate Normals Data
Wind Chill
  Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year Code
Days with Wind Chill < -207.18.85.20.170.00.00.00.00.00.00.02.323.6C
Days with Wind Chill < -300.120.360.280.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.76C
Days with Wind Chill < -400.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.0C
Days with Wind Chill < -500.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.0C
1991 to 2020 Canadian Climate Normals Data
Wind Chill Extremes (Normal Period)
  Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year Code
Extreme Wind Chill-34.3-41.0-34.9-25.9-11.4-5.60.00.0-2.0-9.4-19.8-25.4
Date (yyyy/dd)2002/ 311994/ 081997/ 091994/ 022004/ 082018/ 041994/ 01+1994/ 01+2018/ 192001/ 312018/ 232004/ 06
1991 to 2020 Canadian Climate Normals Data
Wind Chill Extremes (Long-Term)
  Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year Code
Extreme Wind Chill-34.3-41.0-34.9-25.9-11.4-5.60.00.0-2.0-9.4-19.8-25.4
Date (yyyy/dd)2002/ 311994/ 081997/ 091994/ 022004/ 082018/ 041994/ 01+1994/ 01+2018/ 192001/ 312018/ 232004/ 06
Humidity
1991 to 2020 Canadian Climate Normals Data
Humidity
  Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year Code
Average Vapour Pressure (kPa)0.40.30.40.50.71.11.51.51.20.80.60.40.8C
Average Relative Humidity - 0600LST (%)86.685.684.481.781.379.882.785.987.586.684.986.484.5C
Average Relative Humidity - 1500LST (%)81.978.469.963.760.159.261.262.967.272.177.982.469.7C
Pressure
1991 to 2020 Canadian Climate Normals Data
Pressure
  Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year Code
Average Station Pressure (kPa)98.998.999.399.599.699.599.599.599.799.599.599.299.4D
Average Sea Level Pressure (kPa)100.7100.8101.2101.4101.5101.3101.3101.3101.5101.3101.4101.0101.2D
Frost-Free
1991 to 2020 Canadian Climate Normals Data
Frost-Free
10% 25% 33% 50% 66% 75% 90%
Probability of last temperature in spring <= 0°C, on or after (Date)Jun 07May 30May 27May 25May 21May 18May 10
Probability of first temperature in fall <= 0°C, on or before (Date)Sep 19Sep 29Oct 02Oct 07Oct 12Oct 15Oct 23
Probability of frost-free period equal to or less than indicated period (Days)115123125134143149160

Legend

  • A = WMO "3 and 5 rule" (i.e. no more than 3 consecutive and no more than 5 total missing for either temperature or precipitation)
  • B = At least 25 years
  • C = At least 20 years
  • D = At least 15 years
  • + = Most recent occurrence of the extreme value
Element Analytics

Statistics listed below are provided as a guide to determine the validity of Normals and Extremes calculations. For example, a composite station with 30 years of record between 1991 and 2020 with no missing years would be a more reliable normal than a composite station with 15 years of record and 2 missing years. Less than 100% possible observations indicates that out of the total number of observations used, some records were missing.

CORNER BROOK *
NEWFOUNDLAND

* This station meets WMO standards for temperature and precipitation.

Composite Metadata / Threads

The Climate Normals, Averages, and Extremes are based on Canadian climate composite stations with at least 15 years of data between 1991 and 2020. Composite stations are comprised of one or more stations operated by the Meteorological Service of Canada (MSC) or its partners, where data from individual stations are joined together to create a 30-year data series for a given location. All stations (and associated metadata) used as part of the composite are listed below, alongside the threads used to calculate each Normals/Extremes element.

CORNER BROOK *
NEWFOUNDLAND

* This station meets WMO standards for temperature and precipitation.

Download Data


Note:
Both files (CSV) can be downloaded
together as a zipped folder

Composite Station Metadata

All stations used in the composite for all Normals and Extremes elements are listed. Station metadata includes station name, station identifiers, coordinates, and elevation.

Composite Station Name: CORNER BROOK

Station Name Climate ID WMO ID TC ID Latitude Longitude Elevation (m)
CORNER BROOK 8401300 48°57'00.000" N 57°57'00.000" W 4.6
CORNER BROOK 8401298 71973 WKB 48°56'00.000" N 57°55'00.000" W 151.8

Composite Station Threads

Station composites are threaded from the beginning of the Normals period starting in 1991 to the end of 2020, where the predecessor site's data is used until the end of its period of record and is then joined to the current operating site to extend the time series. Threads are generated by climate element for hourly and daily data, and may vary due to differences in station history, instrumentation, meteorological data availability, data quality, or proximity.

Normals and Extremes elements are grouped based on the climate element used in its calculation. Normal period extremes (NPE) are calculated using threads for the 30-year normal period. For long-term (LT) elements and long-term extremes (LTE), the same Normals period threads are extended back in time to the earliest date of data available from the first station used in the data series. These use the 'LTE Start Date' instead of the 'Start Date', that applies to normals period elements and extremes (NPE).

For additional station metadata information, refer to the above section "Composite Station Metadata".

Composite Station Name: CORNER BROOK

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