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Canadian Climate Normals 1981-2010 Station Data

Temperature and Precipitation Graph
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Normals Data

The minimum number of years used to calculate these Normals is indicated by a code for each element. A "+" beside an extreme date indicates that this date is the first occurrence of the extreme value. Values and dates in bold indicate all-time extremes for the location.

Data used in the calculation of these Normals may be subject to further quality assurance checks. This may result in minor changes to some values presented here.

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Normals Station Data
(all elements)
Temperature
1981 to 2010 Canadian Climate Normals station data
Temperature
  Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year Code
Daily Average (°C)-13.1-10.1-3.45.311.516.118.918.012.35.1-4.1-10.73.8C
Standard Deviation4.84.33.31.91.61.51.42.01.71.73.64.71.6C
Daily Maximum (°C)-8.1-5.31.511.718.422.525.625.018.911.00.4-6.09.6C
Daily Minimum (°C)-18.0-14.8-8.2-1.14.79.812.110.95.6-0.9-8.5-15.4-2.0C
Extreme Maximum (°C)10.611.523.331.137.040.038.538.637.530.622.814.7
Date (yyyy/dd)1963/ 071983/ 252004/ 301977/ 261980/ 231987/ 15+1984/ 272003/ 161978/ 041957/ 011975/ 041997/ 14
Extreme Minimum (°C)-41.7-42.0-37.8-28.3-10.8-1.73.30.0-11.7-21.5-33.0-41.5
Date (yyyy/dd)1972/ 261994/ 081972/ 021954/ 022002/ 051969/ 121952/ 28+1957/ 26+1961/ 301991/ 291985/ 271992/ 31
Precipitation
1981 to 2010 Canadian Climate Normals station data
Precipitation
  Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year Code
Rainfall (mm)0.30.35.916.139.063.956.142.832.812.63.10.3273.0A
Snowfall (cm)13.68.312.95.53.60.00.00.01.33.811.614.775.3A
Precipitation (mm)13.98.619.321.642.663.956.142.834.116.614.614.7348.6A
Extreme Daily Rainfall (mm)2.66.424.032.448.247.450.055.869.221.311.62.8
Date (yyyy/dd)1981/ 241958/ 021993/ 241985/ 191991/ 121981/ 131975/ 312004/ 072005/ 101969/ 022005/ 021980/ 16
Extreme Daily Snowfall (cm)14.725.720.013.533.00.00.00.018.020.319.022.1
Date (yyyy/dd)1974/ 251965/ 271990/ 121968/ 201982/ 281952/ 01+1952/ 01+1952/ 01+1982/ 281957/ 052005/ 021975/ 30
Extreme Daily Precipitation (mm)14.725.724.032.448.247.450.055.869.221.330.622.1
Date (yyyy/dd)1974/ 251965/ 271993/ 241985/ 191991/ 121981/ 131975/ 312004/ 072005/ 101969/ 022005/ 021975/ 30
Extreme Snow Depth (cm)168945000041214
Date (yyyy/dd)1993/ 08+1986/ 181995/ 27+1993/ 191996/ 081991/ 01+1991/ 01+1991/ 01+1986/ 01+1991/ 231995/ 10+1992/ 30+
Days with Maximum Temperature
1981 to 2010 Canadian Climate Normals station data
Days with Maximum Temperature
  Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year Code
<= 0 °C24.818.712.42.00.040.00.00.00.042.213.522.896.5C
> 0 °C6.29.518.628.031.030.031.031.030.028.816.58.2268.8C
> 10 °C0.080.153.718.028.129.831.031.027.017.52.40.24189.1C
> 20 °C0.00.00.123.811.820.527.625.312.93.00.080.0105.1C
> 30 °C0.00.00.00.040.692.14.95.31.50.00.00.014.5C
> 35 °C0.00.00.00.00.00.360.580.540.080.00.00.01.6C
Days with Minimum Temperature
1981 to 2010 Canadian Climate Normals station data
Days with Minimum Temperature
  Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year Code
> 0 °C0.220.632.511.725.829.931.031.026.813.22.40.44175.5C
<= 2 °C30.928.230.622.78.90.500.00.406.022.929.330.9211.4C
<= 0 °C30.727.628.518.35.20.080.00.043.217.827.530.5189.5C
< -2 °C30.026.323.611.22.40.00.00.01.211.024.329.8159.7C
< -10 °C24.117.910.41.30.040.00.00.00.01.310.621.086.6C
< -20 °C11.98.72.90.040.00.00.00.00.00.082.18.934.6C
< - 30 °C4.11.80.190.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.082.48.5C
Days with Rainfall
1981 to 2010 Canadian Climate Normals station data
Days with Rainfall
  Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year Code
>= 0.2 mm0.220.301.76.09.912.912.49.98.05.41.70.7769.1A
>= 5 mm0.00.00.370.702.64.43.32.72.10.840.200.017.2A
>= 10 mm0.00.00.150.371.21.81.71.10.810.200.040.07.3A
>= 25 mm0.00.00.00.040.040.200.260.150.150.00.00.00.84A
Days With Snowfall
1981 to 2010 Canadian Climate Normals station data
Days With Snowfall
  Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year Code
>= 0.2 cm8.05.45.52.30.440.00.00.00.221.65.07.636.1A
>= 5 cm0.460.300.630.190.220.00.00.00.070.120.520.523.0A
>= 10 cm0.080.00.070.00.110.00.00.00.040.040.120.080.54A
>= 25 cm0.00.00.00.00.040.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.04A
Days with Precipitation
1981 to 2010 Canadian Climate Normals station data
Days with Precipitation
  Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year Code
>= 0.2 mm8.35.67.18.110.012.912.49.98.16.86.48.0103.5A
>= 5 mm0.500.261.10.932.84.43.32.72.11.00.720.4820.3A
>= 10 mm0.080.00.260.371.21.81.71.10.850.280.120.087.9A
>= 25 mm0.00.00.00.040.110.200.260.150.150.00.040.00.95A
Days with Snow Depth
1981 to 2010 Canadian Climate Normals station data
Days with Snow Depth
  Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year Code
>= 1 cm31.028.31.00.130.00.00.00.00.135.724.5
>= 5 cm17.02.70.00.060.00.00.00.00.03.87.5
>= 10 cm0.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.01.51.5
>= 20 cm0.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.0
Wind
1981 to 2010 Canadian Climate Normals station data
Wind
  Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year Code
Speed (km/h)14.414.315.316.116.415.113.012.714.114.814.314.014.5C
Most Frequent DirectionWWSESESESENWSENWNWWWWC
Maximum Hourly Speed (km/h)686866767264646663726668
Date (yyyy/dd)1986/ 111963/ 051983/ 092010/ 091965/ 171963/ 221990/ 031984/ 291983/ 171976/ 141976/ 171965/ 03
Direction of Maximum Hourly SpeedNWSESEWSWSESWNWNWNWNWSW
Degree Days
1981 to 2010 Canadian Climate Normals station data
Degree Days
  Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year Code
Above 24 °C00000.11.42.82.50.10006.9C
Above 18 °C0000.25.623.954.548.96.9000140C
Above 15 °C0001.420.264.6125.4108.724.91.300346.5C
Above 10 °C000.416.286187.4275.824899.715.40.30929C
Above 5 °C0.10.15.469.5208.5335.3430.8402223.869.34.60.11749.4C
Above 0 °C2.86.542.4177.5358485.2585.8557368.8176.128.95.22794.1C
Below 0 °C404.9291147.918.50.6000019.2152.8353.31388.2C
Below 5 °C557.2425.7265.960.56.1000567.4278.5503.22169.5C
Below 10 °C712.1566.7415.8157.238.62.20130.9168.4424.1658.13175.3C
Below 15 °C867.1707.9570.5292.4127.729.44.616.7106.2309.3573.9813.14418.8C
Below 18 °C960.1792.5663.5381.2206.178.726.749.9178.2401.1663.9906.15,308C
Evaporation
1981 to 2010 Canadian Climate Normals station data
Evaporation
  Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year Code
Lake Evaporation (mm)55.65.74.83.52.1
Bright Sunshine
1981 to 2010 Canadian Climate Normals station data
Bright Sunshine
  Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year Code
Extreme Daily9.310.411.414.415.516.115.714.812.711.79.18.4
Date (yyyy/dd)1977/ 271968/ 291994/ 301980/ 261977/ 311976/ 171963/ 02+1978/ 02+1963/ 011988/ 181963/ 031995/ 26
Humidex
1981 to 2010 Canadian Climate Normals station data
Humidex
  Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year Code
Extreme Humidex10.010.923.330.232.940.243.440.435.927.021.914.2
Date (yyyy/dd)2002/ 082002/ 162004/ 302001/ 282006/ 222002/ 272002/ 142003/ 162009/ 031997/ 02+1999/ 121997/ 14
Wind Chill
1981 to 2010 Canadian Climate Normals station data
Wind Chill
  Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year Code
Extreme Wind Chill (°C)-51-44-44-29-14000-10-22-39-48
Date (yyyy/dd)2004/ 282008/ 092003/ 082002/ 032002/ 051997/ 01+1997/ 01+1996/ 26+2002/ 281996/ 301996/ 212009/ 13
Radiation
1981 to 2010 Canadian Climate Normals station data
Radiation
  Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year Code
Extreme Global - RF1 (MJ/m2)813212730323128221596
Date (yyyy/dd)1991/ 281990/ 281992/ 301989/ 291992/ 261989/ 131989/ 031990/ 031990/ 021989/ 051991/ 061990/ 01
Extreme Diffuse - RF2 (MJ/m2)5817151917161711964
Date (yyyy/dd)1994/ 301992/ 201989/ 311989/ 061992/ 221989/ 071990/ 131989/ 031989/ 101989/ 211991/ 021992/ 01
Extreme Reflected - RF3 (MJ/m2)610141777765874
Date (yyyy/dd)1991/ 281994/ 251995/ 301992/ 101991/ 021993/ 101988/ 031991/ 041991/ 031991/ 281991/ 061989/ 21
Extreme Net - RF4 (MJ/m2)1510131616161310621
Date (yyyy/dd)1998/ 291990/ 251989/ 301998/ 271988/ 301988/ 021990/ 091988/ 151994/ 011988/ 011989/ 031997/ 06
Frost-Free
1981 to 2010 Canadian Climate Normals station data
Frost-Free
Date/Days Code
Average Date of Last Spring Frost May 18 D
Average Date of First Fall Frost Sept 19 D
Average Length of Frost-Free Period 123 Days D
1981 to 2010 Canadian Climate Normals station data
Frost-Free
Probability of last temperature in spring <= 0°C, on or after (Date)10%25%33%50%66%75%90%
DateJun 04May 25May 23May 16May 12May 10May 05
Probability of first temperature in fall <= 0°C, on or before (Date)10%25%33%50%66%75%90%
DateSep 06Sep 12Sep 14Sep 20Sep 23Sep 27Oct 04
Probability of frost-free period equal to or less than indicated period (Days)10%25%33%50%66%75%90%
Days98112116124130138147

Legend

  • A = WMO "3 and 5 rule" (i.e. no more than 3 consecutive and no more than 5 total missing for either temperature or precipitation)
  • B = At least 25 years
  • C = At least 20 years
  • D = At least 15 years
  • + = Most recent occurrence of the extreme value
Station / Element Metadata

Statistics listed below are provided as a guide to determine the validity of Normals and Extremes calculations. For example, a station with 30 years of record between 1981 and 2010 with no missing years would be a more reliable normal than a station with 15 years of record and 2 missing years. Less than 100% possible observations indicates that out of the total number of observations used, some records were missing.

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