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Canadian Climate Normals 1981-2010 Station Data

Temperature and Precipitation Graph
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Normals Data

The minimum number of years used to calculate these Normals is indicated by a code for each element. A "+" beside an extreme date indicates that this date is the first occurrence of the extreme value. Values and dates in bold indicate all-time extremes for the location.

Data used in the calculation of these Normals may be subject to further quality assurance checks. This may result in minor changes to some values presented here.

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Normals Station Data
(all elements)
Temperature
1981 to 2010 Canadian Climate Normals station data
Temperature
  Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year Code
Daily Average (°C)-32.2-33.2-32.4-24.3-11.5-0.43.40.8-8.4-18.9-26.0-29.4-17.7A
Standard Deviation2.32.72.73.11.81.10.91.31.72.02.72.50.9A
Daily Maximum (°C)-28.6-29.4-28.4-20.4-8.42.06.13.3-5.3-15.3-22.3-25.6-14.4A
Daily Minimum (°C)-35.8-37.0-36.3-28.1-14.5-2.70.7-1.8-11.5-22.4-29.6-33.1-21.0A
Extreme Maximum (°C)0.01.1-2.2-0.27.818.220.019.511.24.40.63.2
Date (yyyy/dd)1958/ 23+1965/ 261957/ 121978/ 231951/ 252000/ 301956/ 081990/ 011989/ 261968/ 081963/ 071978/ 22
Extreme Minimum (°C)-48.9-50.0-49.4-45.6-29.0-13.9-6.3-15.0-28.2-39.4-43.5-46.1
Date (yyyy/dd)1966/ 071979/ 09+1970/ 151954/ 02+1989/ 021963/ 03+1982/ 281952/ 301979/ 301962/ 311980/ 19+1951/ 20+
Precipitation
1981 to 2010 Canadian Climate Normals station data
Precipitation
  Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year Code
Rainfall (mm)0.00.00.00.00.00.813.03.50.10.00.00.017.4D
Snowfall (cm)9.08.18.712.618.013.520.016.933.120.215.29.3184.6D
Precipitation (mm)7.27.07.510.611.612.031.817.922.313.410.46.8158.3D
Average Snow Depth (cm)293234373920111019252723D
Median Snow Depth (cm)293334373920001019252723D
Snow Depth at Month-end (cm)31333539384031721262823D
Extreme Daily Rainfall (mm)0.30.00.00.00.218.518.817.01.50.00.00.0
Date (yyyy/dd)1958/ 231951/ 01+1951/ 01+1951/ 01+1988/ 211956/ 181968/ 261954/ 091967/ 101950/ 01+1950/ 01+1950/ 01+
Extreme Daily Snowfall (cm)10.45.15.420.616.010.616.622.925.220.321.211.9
Date (yyyy/dd)1987/ 281953/ 231983/ 031976/ 151995/ 191991/ 241988/ 071967/ 241980/ 131953/ 141997/ 171969/ 10
Extreme Daily Precipitation (mm)10.219.05.319.311.418.518.823.425.220.311.011.0
Date (yyyy/dd)1965/ 262000/ 021957/ 131976/ 151952/ 291956/ 181968/ 261967/ 241980/ 131953/ 141997/ 172004/ 30
Extreme Snow Depth (cm)667379798789333052535761
Date (yyyy/dd)1965/ 311989/ 14+1989/ 19+1957/ 21+1956/ 25+1956/ 04+1961/ 011993/ 081978/ 25+1969/ 24+1955/ 26+1969/ 11+
Days with Maximum Temperature
1981 to 2010 Canadian Climate Normals station data
Days with Maximum Temperature
  Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year Code
<= 0 °C31.028.231.030.029.49.80.676.925.930.830.031.0284.6C
> 0 °C0.00.00.00.01.620.230.324.24.10.240.00.080.6C
> 10 °C0.00.00.00.00.00.726.82.10.040.00.00.09.7C
> 20 °C0.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.0C
> 30 °C0.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.0C
> 35 °C0.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.0C
Days with Minimum Temperature
1981 to 2010 Canadian Climate Normals station data
Days with Minimum Temperature
  Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year Code
> 0 °C0.00.00.00.00.04.716.46.60.270.00.00.028.0C
<= 2 °C31.028.231.030.031.028.625.529.030.031.030.031.0356.4C
<= 0 °C31.028.231.030.031.025.314.624.429.731.030.031.0337.3C
< -2 °C31.028.231.030.030.915.40.9211.829.231.030.031.0300.5C
< -10 °C31.028.231.029.924.30.640.00.3817.330.730.031.0254.4C
< -20 °C31.028.230.927.45.50.00.00.02.220.528.330.5204.5C
< - 30 °C26.826.027.611.60.00.00.00.00.02.316.223.1133.7C
Days with Rainfall
1981 to 2010 Canadian Climate Normals station data
Days with Rainfall
  Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year Code
>= 0.2 mm0.00.00.00.00.051.06.92.50.210.00.00.010.6D
>= 5 mm0.00.00.00.00.00.00.440.160.00.00.00.00.60D
>= 10 mm0.00.00.00.00.00.00.170.00.00.00.00.00.17D
>= 25 mm0.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.0D
Days With Snowfall
1981 to 2010 Canadian Climate Normals station data
Days With Snowfall
  Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year Code
>= 0.2 cm9.18.68.39.19.46.96.37.411.312.29.79.9108.0D
>= 5 cm0.110.00.170.320.890.741.31.12.10.840.580.118.3D
>= 10 cm0.060.00.00.110.320.050.280.110.630.00.210.01.8D
>= 25 cm0.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.0D
Days with Precipitation
1981 to 2010 Canadian Climate Normals station data
Days with Precipitation
  Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year Code
>= 0.2 mm9.07.77.38.57.57.410.99.210.110.58.79.2106.1A
>= 5 mm0.120.120.080.120.270.461.50.810.810.350.200.125.0A
>= 10 mm0.00.080.00.040.040.00.360.00.190.00.040.040.79A
>= 25 mm0.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.0A
Days with Snow Depth
1981 to 2010 Canadian Climate Normals station data
Days with Snow Depth
  Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year Code
>= 1 cm31.028.231.030.031.027.43.94.125.630.730.031.0303.9D
>= 5 cm31.028.231.030.031.023.61.52.317.728.628.930.2284.0D
>= 10 cm30.228.131.030.031.020.20.860.6713.422.926.628.1262.9D
>= 20 cm22.322.926.825.629.215.00.140.055.813.418.420.6200.3D
Wind
1981 to 2010 Canadian Climate Normals station data
Wind
  Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year Code
Speed (km/h)8.28.47.07.19.510.713.311.711.910.08.28.29.5D
Most Frequent DirectionWWWWNWNNNSWWWWWD
Maximum Hourly Speed (km/h)1261291131059797100117107105117101
Date (yyyy/dd)1985/ 021956/ 121956/ 121958/ 30+1974/ 031956/ 231991/ 261991/ 051994/ 281956/ 291961/ 291964/ 03
Direction of Maximum Hourly SpeedSSSWSWSWSWSSSSWSW
Maximum Gust Speed (km/h)146135133113106102106107130115100113
Date (yyyy/dd)1985/ 021983/ 091982/ 161959/ 101983/ 261984/ 291981/ 151981/ 291987/ 091988/ 211984/ 051983/ 21+
Direction of Maximum GustSSWSSWSSSSSSSWSW
Degree Days
1981 to 2010 Canadian Climate Normals station data
Degree Days
  Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year Code
Above 24 °C0000000000000C
Above 18 °C0000000000000C
Above 15 °C0000000000000C
Above 10 °C0000001.60.200001.8C
Above 5 °C000001.922.26.2000030.3C
Above 0 °C00000.134.6110.352.81.7000199.5C
Below 0 °C994.9934.91004.8728.5356471.829.3254.5584.4779.8909.76625.5C
Below 5 °C1149.91075.91159.8878.5510.8164.268.7137.8402.8739.4929.81064.78282.3C
Below 10 °C1304.91216.91314.81028.5665.8312.4203.1286.8552.8894.41079.81219.710079.9C
Below 15 °C1459.91357.91469.81178.5820.8462.3356.5441.6702.81049.41229.81374.711904.1C
Below 18 °C1552.91442.51562.81268.5913.8552.3449.5534.6792.81142.41319.81467.712999.7C
Bright Sunshine
1981 to 2010 Canadian Climate Normals station data
Bright Sunshine
  Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year Code
Total Hours110.4323.6428.6333.0321.6269.1111.43.9
Days with measurable15.024.527.426.426.724.118.91.0
% of possible daylight hours33.146.857.646.343.236.221.94.1
Extreme Daily0.013.724.024.024.024.024.020.18.40.0
Date (yyyy/dd)2000/ 01+2002/ 281969/ 17+1969/ 06+1971/ 16+1968/ 09+1969/ 18+1985/ 021975/ 011999/ 01+
Humidex
1981 to 2010 Canadian Climate Normals station data
Humidex
  Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year Code
Extreme Humidex0.00.0-2.4-1.16.618.119.423.88.43.9-1.11.4
Date (yyyy/dd)1958/ 241963/ 052006/ 011971/ 201986/ 062000/ 301956/ 081986/ 031985/ 071968/ 081963/ 071978/ 22
Wind Chill
1981 to 2010 Canadian Climate Normals station data
Wind Chill
  Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year Code
Extreme Wind Chill (°C)-65-61-60-57-41-21-10-19-37-49-54-57
Date (yyyy/dd)1958/ 061991/ 261964/ 131964/ 061989/ 021996/ 031987/ 291997/ 301964/ 291978/ 161955/ 301990/ 16
Radiation
1981 to 2010 Canadian Climate Normals station data
Radiation
  Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year Code
Extreme Global - RF1 (MJ/m2)007233337342513200
Date (yyyy/dd)1965/ 01+1997/ 281984/ 311974/ 291985/ 301976/ 151965/ 011965/ 021965/ 041984/ 021964/ 01+1964/ 01+
Extreme Net - RF4 (MJ/m2)2114142122123011
Date (yyyy/dd)1980/ 281980/ 011977/ 231995/ 301991/ 311998/ 171969/ 041987/ 041985/ 061986/ 141968/ 061968/ 30
Frost-Free
1981 to 2010 Canadian Climate Normals station data
Frost-Free
Date/Days Code
Average Date of Last Spring Frost Jul 13 C
Average Date of First Fall Frost Jul 19 C
Average Length of Frost-Free Period 5 Days C

Legend

  • A = WMO "3 and 5 rule" (i.e. no more than 3 consecutive and no more than 5 total missing for either temperature or precipitation)
  • B = At least 25 years
  • C = At least 20 years
  • D = At least 15 years
  • + = Most recent occurrence of the extreme value
Station / Element Metadata

Statistics listed below are provided as a guide to determine the validity of Normals and Extremes calculations. For example, a station with 30 years of record between 1981 and 2010 with no missing years would be a more reliable normal than a station with 15 years of record and 2 missing years. Less than 100% possible observations indicates that out of the total number of observations used, some records were missing.

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