Canadian Climate Normals 1981-2010 Station Data

Temperature and Precipitation Graph

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Temperature and Precipitation Graph for 1981 to 2010 Canadian Climate Normals
HALIFAX CITADEL

Symbol	Description
	Daily Maximum Temperature (°C)
	Daily Average Temperature (°C)
	Daily Minimum Temperature (°C)
	Precipitation (mm)

Normals Data

The minimum number of years used to calculate these Normals is indicated by a code for each element. A "+" beside an extreme date indicates that this date is the first occurrence of the extreme value. Values and dates in bold indicate all-time extremes for the location.

Data used in the calculation of these Normals may be subject to further quality assurance checks. This may result in minor changes to some values presented here.

HALIFAX CITADEL
NOVA SCOTIA

44°39'00.000" N

63°35'00.000" W

70.10 m

8202220

Temperature

1981 to 2010 Canadian Climate Normals station data
Temperature
	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year	Code
Daily Average (°C)	-4.1	-3.6	-0.2	4.9	10.1	15.2	18.8	19.1	15.5	9.9	4.8	-0.8	7.5	C
Standard Deviation	1.9	1.8	1.4	0.9	1.1	1.1	1.0	0.9	1.2	1.2	1.2	2.2	2.1	C
Daily Maximum (°C)	-0.1	0.4	3.6	8.7	14.4	19.6	23.1	23.1	19.3	13.4	8.1	2.8	11.4	C
Daily Minimum (°C)	-8.2	-7.5	-3.9	1.0	5.8	10.7	14.4	15.1	11.8	6.4	1.5	-4.3	3.6	C
Extreme Maximum (°C)	14.0	16.0	23.5	26.1	33.3	34.0	33.0	33.9	32.2	24.0	20.0	16.7
Date (yyyy/dd)	1995/ 16	1994/ 20	1998/ 31	1938/ 28	1977/ 23	2001/ 27	2001/ 25	1935/ 19	1969/ 01	1983/ 04+	1938/ 06+	1950/ 30
Extreme Minimum (°C)	-26.1	-25.0	-21.0	-12.0	-2.8	1.7	7.2	6.1	1.0	-5.0	-13.9	-23.3
Date (yyyy/dd)	1951/ 31	1993/ 07	1989/ 07	1995/ 06	1966/ 08+	1973/ 18	1970/ 02	1965/ 30+	1980/ 29	1976/ 29	1936/ 19	1933/ 30

Precipitation

1981 to 2010 Canadian Climate Normals station data
Precipitation
	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year	Code
Rainfall (mm)	96.7	75.1	101.3	111.3	118.4	111.8	110.3	96.4	108.9	124.1	143.6	115.9	1313.9	C
Snowfall (cm)	43.1	35.0	31.2	7.0	0.8	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.1	7.8	29.2	154.2	C
Precipitation (mm)	139.7	110.1	132.5	118.3	119.1	111.8	110.3	96.4	108.9	124.3	151.4	145.1	1468.1	C
Extreme Daily Rainfall (mm)	88.6	59.2	82.6	73.2	72.1	65.8	93.8	118.1	96.3	81.3	99.1	95.3
Date (yyyy/dd)	1978/ 18	1965/ 25	1972/ 23	1984/ 16	1971/ 17	1972/ 10	1982/ 20	1971/ 15	1936/ 19	1970/ 04	1972/ 09	1975/ 10
Extreme Daily Snowfall (cm)	39.0	41.2	31.0	22.9	20.3	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	12.7	22.0	44.0
Date (yyyy/dd)	1981/ 17	1992/ 01	1993/ 13	1972/ 03	1972/ 09	1934/ 01+	1934/ 01+	1933/ 01+	1933/ 01+	1974/ 20	1989/ 23	1983/ 24
Extreme Daily Precipitation (mm)	93.7	59.2	82.6	73.2	72.1	65.8	93.8	118.1	96.3	81.3	99.1	95.3
Date (yyyy/dd)	1978/ 18	1965/ 25	1972/ 23	1984/ 16	1971/ 17	1972/ 10	1982/ 20	1971/ 15	1936/ 19	1970/ 04	1972/ 09	1975/ 10
Extreme Snow Depth (cm)	62	66	89	20	0	0	0	0	0	0	29	31
Date (yyyy/dd)	1981/ 18	1987/ 11+	1987/ 17	1985/ 02	1964/ 01+	1964/ 01+	1964/ 01+	1964/ 01+	1964/ 01+	1964/ 01+	1989/ 27	1988/ 18

Days with Maximum Temperature

1981 to 2010 Canadian Climate Normals station data
Days with Maximum Temperature
	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year	Code
<= 0 °C	15.1	13.6	7.0	0.29	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1.6	9.5	47.0	C
> 0 °C	15.9	14.7	24.0	29.7	31.0	30.0	31.0	31.0	30.0	31.0	28.4	21.6	318.2	C
> 10 °C	0.68	0.71	2.1	10.6	25.3	29.7	31.0	31.0	29.8	24.3	10.6	2.7	198.4	C
> 20 °C	0.0	0.0	0.05	0.10	3.1	13.4	24.6	25.2	11.1	0.71	0.0	0.0	78.2	C
> 30 °C	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.05	0.24	0.30	0.33	0.10	0.0	0.0	0.0	1.0	C
> 35 °C	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	C

Days with Minimum Temperature

1981 to 2010 Canadian Climate Normals station data
Days with Minimum Temperature
	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year	Code
> 0 °C	2.6	2.5	5.3	17.8	30.2	30.0	31.0	31.0	30.0	30.0	17.6	6.4	234.3	C
<= 2 °C	30.3	27.5	29.1	21.1	3.4	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.05	4.7	17.8	27.8	161.6	C
<= 0 °C	28.4	25.8	25.7	12.2	0.85	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1.1	12.4	24.6	131.0	C
< -2 °C	24.9	22.1	17.3	3.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.05	5.8	18.3	91.3	C
< -10 °C	11.5	9.4	3.6	0.10	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.10	5.1	29.8	C
< -20 °C	0.57	0.14	0.05	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.05	0.81	C
< - 30 °C	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	C

Days with Rainfall

1981 to 2010 Canadian Climate Normals station data
Days with Rainfall
	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year	Code
>= 0.2 mm	8.5	6.5	10.2	14.1	15.7	13.6	12.1	11.1	11.7	14.1	14.5	10.8	142.7	C
>= 5 mm	5.0	3.7	5.6	6.1	6.6	6.0	4.6	5.0	5.8	5.9	7.3	6.0	67.3	C
>= 10 mm	3.8	2.6	3.5	3.4	4.5	3.5	3.5	3.4	3.4	4.1	4.4	4.1	44.0	C
>= 25 mm	1.1	1.0	1.2	1.1	0.90	1.4	1.5	0.95	1.3	1.4	1.6	1.2	14.6	C

Days With Snowfall

1981 to 2010 Canadian Climate Normals station data
Days With Snowfall
	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year	Code
>= 0.2 cm	6.8	6.1	4.1	1.6	0.19	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.10	1.2	5.2	25.3	C
>= 5 cm	3.0	2.4	2.7	0.62	0.05	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.43	2.1	11.3	C
>= 10 cm	1.3	1.1	1.2	0.05	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.29	0.71	4.8	C
>= 25 cm	0.18	0.14	0.10	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.19	0.61	C

Days with Precipitation

1981 to 2010 Canadian Climate Normals station data
Days with Precipitation
	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year	Code
>= 0.2 mm	13.8	11.6	13.1	15.2	15.8	13.6	12.1	11.1	11.7	14.1	15.3	14.5	161.8	C
>= 5 mm	7.6	5.8	7.9	6.8	6.7	6.0	4.6	5.0	5.8	5.9	7.7	7.7	77.2	C
>= 10 mm	5.2	3.9	4.9	3.5	4.5	3.5	3.5	3.4	3.4	4.1	4.7	4.9	49.4	C
>= 25 mm	1.5	1.3	1.2	1.1	0.90	1.4	1.5	0.95	1.3	1.4	1.7	1.5	15.7	C

Wind

1981 to 2010 Canadian Climate Normals station data
Wind
	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year	Code
Maximum Hourly Speed (km/h)	135	58	91	56	59	60	70	72	56	56	58	58
Date (yyyy/dd)	1980/ 19	1971/ 09	1976/ 17	1977/ 05+	1975/ 06	1973/ 17	1975/ 28	1979/ 07	1985/ 28	1974/ 20+	1973/ 02	1971/ 25
Direction of Maximum Hourly Speed	N	SW	W	S		W	SE	NW	SW		SW	S

Degree Days

1981 to 2010 Canadian Climate Normals station data
Degree Days
	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year	Code
Above 24 °C	0	0	0	0	0	0.1	0.2	0.4	0	0	0	0	0.8	D
Above 18 °C	0	0	0	0	0.6	10.9	43.1	49.6	11.1	0.3	0	0	115.6	D
Above 15 °C	0	0	0	0	3.3	42.1	118.9	128.3	45.5	3.9	0.1	0	342	D
Above 10 °C	0.1	0	0.5	2.3	42.6	157.4	271.7	281.8	167.6	43.3	6.1	0.1	973.5	D
Above 5 °C	1.7	1.4	5.9	37.4	161	305.8	426.7	436.8	316.2	154.2	47	7.7	1901.8	D
Above 0 °C	20.2	19.1	50.9	148.6	314.4	455.8	581.7	591.8	466.2	306.9	151.7	48.1	3155.3	D
Below 0 °C	145.2	120	56.3	2.5	0	0	0	0	0	0	7.6	74.9	406.5	D
Below 5 °C	281.7	243.5	166.4	41.2	1.6	0	0	0	0	2.3	53	189.6	979.2	D
Below 10 °C	435.1	383.3	315.9	156.2	38.1	1.6	0	0	1.4	46.4	162	337	1,877	D
Below 15 °C	590	524.5	470.5	303.8	153.8	36.4	2.2	1.5	29.3	162	306	491.9	3071.8	D
Below 18 °C	683	609.2	563.5	393.8	244.2	95.1	19.4	15.8	84.9	251.4	395.9	584.9	3,941	D

Radiation

1981 to 2010 Canadian Climate Normals station data
Radiation
	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year	Code
Extreme Global - RF1 (MJ/m2)	11	16	25	28	34	34	33	31	25	18	13	9
Date (yyyy/dd)	2001/ 29	1965/ 28	1965/ 31	1965/ 25	2000/ 30	1965/ 20	2000/ 06	1965/ 01	2000/ 06	1973/ 01	1964/ 01	1990/ 03

Frost-Free

1981 to 2010 Canadian Climate Normals station data
Frost-Free
	Date/Days	Code
Average Date of Last Spring Frost	May 01	C
Average Date of First Fall Frost	Oct 31	C
Average Length of Frost-Free Period	182 Days	C

1981 to 2010 Canadian Climate Normals station data
Frost-Free
Probability of last temperature in spring <= 0°C, on or after (Date)	10%	25%	33%	50%	66%	75%	90%
Date	May 19	May 09	May 08	May 01	Apr 27	Apr 25	Apr 19
Probability of first temperature in fall <= 0°C, on or before (Date)	10%	25%	33%	50%	66%	75%	90%
Date	Oct 11	Oct 19	Oct 20	Oct 25	Oct 30	Nov 01	Nov 05
Probability of frost-free period equal to or less than indicated period (Days)	10%	25%	33%	50%	66%	75%	90%
Days	152	166	169	176	181	186	194

Legend

A = WMO "3 and 5 rule" (i.e. no more than 3 consecutive and no more than 5 total missing for either temperature or precipitation)
B = At least 25 years
C = At least 20 years

D = At least 15 years
+ = Most recent occurrence of the extreme value

Station / Element Metadata

Statistics listed below are provided as a guide to determine the validity of Normals and Extremes calculations. For example, a station with 30 years of record between 1981 and 2010 with no missing years would be a more reliable normal than a station with 15 years of record and 2 missing years. Less than 100% possible observations indicates that out of the total number of observations used, some records were missing.

HALIFAX CITADEL

Province/Territory

Latitude (dd mm):

44 39 N

Country

CAN

Longitude (ddd mm):

63 35 W

Time Zone

AST

Latitude (decimal degrees):

44.65 N

Climate ID:

8202220

Longitude (decimal degrees):

63.58 W

WMO ID:

Elevation (m):

70.1

TC ID:

Temperature

1981 to 2010 Canadian Climate Normals Element Metadata
Temperature
	Begin Year	End Year	Total Number of Years	Missing Years	Total Count of Observations	% of Possible Observations
Daily Average (°C)	1981	2002	22	0	7695	99.9
Standard Deviation	1981	2002	22	0	7695	99.9
Daily Maximum (°C)	1981	2002	22	0	7698	100
Daily Minimum (°C)	1981	2002	22	0	7698	100
Extreme Maximum (°C)	1933	2002			16885	99.4
Extreme Minimum (°C)	1933	2002			16940	99.6

Precipitation

1981 to 2010 Canadian Climate Normals Element Metadata
Precipitation
	Begin Year	End Year	Total Number of Years	Missing Years	Total Count of Observations	% of Possible Observations
Rainfall (mm)	1981	2002	22	1	7670	99.6
Snowfall (cm)	1981	2002	22	1	7670	99.6
Precipitation (mm)	1981	2002	22	1	7670	99.6
Extreme Daily Rainfall (mm)	1933	2002			16904	99.4
Extreme Daily Snowfall (cm)	1933	2002			16830	99.6
Extreme Daily Precipitation (mm)	1933	2002			16782	99.3
Extreme Snow Depth (cm)	1964	2001			10495	90.5

Days with Maximum Temperature

1981 to 2010 Canadian Climate Normals Element Metadata
Days with Maximum Temperature
	Begin Year	End Year	Total Number of Years	Missing Years	Total Count of Observations	% of Possible Observations
<= 0 °C	1981	2002	22	1	7608	98.8
> 0 °C	1981	2002	22	1	7608	98.8
> 10 °C	1981	2002	22	1	7608	98.8
> 20 °C	1981	2002	22	1	7608	98.8
> 30 °C	1981	2002	22	1	7608	98.8
> 35 °C	1981	2002	22	1	7608	98.8

Days with Minimum Temperature

1981 to 2010 Canadian Climate Normals Element Metadata
Days with Minimum Temperature
	Begin Year	End Year	Total Number of Years	Missing Years	Total Count of Observations	% of Possible Observations
> 0 °C	1981	2002	21	0	7639	99.2
<= 2 °C	1981	2002	21	0	7639	99.2
<= 0 °C	1981	2002	21	0	7639	99.2
< -2 °C	1981	2002	21	0	7639	99.2
< -10 °C	1981	2002	21	0	7639	99.2
< -20 °C	1981	2002	21	0	7639	99.2
< - 30 °C	1981	2002	21	0	7639	99.2

Days with Rainfall

1981 to 2010 Canadian Climate Normals Element Metadata
Days with Rainfall
	Begin Year	End Year	Total Number of Years	Missing Years	Total Count of Observations	% of Possible Observations
>= 0.2 mm	1981	2002	22	1	7670	99.6
>= 5 mm	1981	2002	22	1	7670	99.6
>= 10 mm	1981	2002	22	1	7670	99.6
>= 25 mm	1981	2002	22	1	7670	99.6

Days With Snowfall

1981 to 2010 Canadian Climate Normals Element Metadata
Days With Snowfall
	Begin Year	End Year	Total Number of Years	Missing Years	Total Count of Observations	% of Possible Observations
>= 0.2 cm	1981	2002	22	0	7701	100
>= 5 cm	1981	2002	22	0	7701	100
>= 10 cm	1981	2002	22	0	7701	100
>= 25 cm	1981	2002	22	0	7701	100

Days with Precipitation

1981 to 2010 Canadian Climate Normals Element Metadata
Days with Precipitation
	Begin Year	End Year	Total Number of Years	Missing Years	Total Count of Observations	% of Possible Observations
>= 0.2 mm	1981	2002	22	1	7670	99.6
>= 5 mm	1981	2002	22	1	7670	99.6
>= 10 mm	1981	2002	22	1	7670	99.6
>= 25 mm	1981	2002	22	1	7670	99.6

Wind

1981 to 2010 Canadian Climate Normals Element Metadata
Wind
	Begin Year	End Year	Total Number of Years	Missing Years	Total Count of Observations	% of Possible Observations
Maximum Hourly Speed (km/h)	1964	1987			173749	95.1

Degree Days

1981 to 2010 Canadian Climate Normals Element Metadata
Degree Days
	Begin Year	End Year	Total Number of Years	Missing Years	Total Count of Observations	% of Possible Observations
Above 24 °C	1981	2002	21	1	7546	98
Above 18 °C	1981	2002	21	1	7546	98
Above 15 °C	1981	2002	21	1	7546	98
Above 10 °C	1981	2002	21	1	7546	98
Above 5 °C	1981	2002	21	1	7546	98
Above 0 °C	1981	2002	21	1	7546	98
Below 0 °C	1981	2002	21	1	7546	98
Below 5 °C	1981	2002	21	1	7546	98
Below 10 °C	1981	2002	21	1	7546	98
Below 15 °C	1981	2002	21	1	7546	98
Below 18 °C	1981	2002	21	1	7546	98

Radiation

1981 to 2010 Canadian Climate Normals Element Metadata
Radiation
	Begin Year	End Year	Total Number of Years	Missing Years	Total Count of Observations	% of Possible Observations
Extreme Global - RF1 (MJ/m2)	1964	2002			294109	95.9

Frost-Free

1981 to 2010 Canadian Climate Normals Element Metadata
Frost-Free
	Begin Year	End Year	Total Number of Years	Missing Years	Total Count of Observations	% of Possible Observations
Average Date of Last Spring Frost	1982	2001	20	0	20	100.0
Average Date of First Fall Frost	1982	2001	20	0	20	100.0
Average Length of Frost-Free Period	1982	2001	20	0	20	100.0
Probability of last temperature in spring <= 0°C, on or after (Date)
10 %	1934	2001			39	57.4
25 %	1934	2001			39	57.4
33 %	1934	2001			39	57.4
50 %	1934	2001			39	57.4
66 %	1934	2001			39	57.4
75 %	1934	2001			39	57.4
90 %	1934	2001			39	57.4
Probability of first temperature in fall <= 0°C, on or before (Date)
10 %	1934	2001			39	57.4
25 %	1934	2001			39	57.4
33 %	1934	2001			39	57.4
50 %	1934	2001			39	57.4
66 %	1934	2001			39	57.4
75 %	1934	2001			39	57.4
90 %	1934	2001			39	57.4
Probability of frost-free period equal to or less than indicated period (Days)
10 %	1934	2001			39	57.4
25 %	1934	2001			39	57.4
33 %	1934	2001			39	57.4
50 %	1934	2001			39	57.4
66 %	1934	2001			39	57.4
75 %	1934	2001			39	57.4
90 %	1934	2001			39	57.4

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Date modified:: 2024-10-01

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Canadian Climate Normals 1981-2010 Station Data

Temperature and Precipitation Graph for 1981 to 2010 Canadian Climate Normals
HALIFAX CITADEL

Legend

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Canadian Climate Normals 1981-2010 Station Data

Temperature and Precipitation Graph for 1981 to 2010 Canadian Climate NormalsHALIFAX CITADEL

Page details

Temperature and Precipitation Graph for 1981 to 2010 Canadian Climate Normals
HALIFAX CITADEL