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Canadian Climate Normals 1981-2010 Station Data

Temperature and Precipitation Graph
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Normals Data

The minimum number of years used to calculate these Normals is indicated by a code for each element. A "+" beside an extreme date indicates that this date is the first occurrence of the extreme value. Values and dates in bold indicate all-time extremes for the location.

Data used in the calculation of these Normals may be subject to further quality assurance checks. This may result in minor changes to some values presented here.

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Normals Station Data
(all elements)
Temperature
1981 to 2010 Canadian Climate Normals station data
Temperature
  Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year Code
Daily Average (°C)-17.2-13.3-6.04.412.217.019.418.812.54.9-5.3-14.32.8C
Standard Deviation3.94.43.32.61.82.21.41.81.61.44.14.61.4C
Daily Maximum (°C)-11.6-7.7-0.910.719.123.225.525.518.910.6-0.8-9.48.6C
Daily Minimum (°C)-22.6-19.0-11.1-1.95.310.813.212.16.1-0.8-9.7-19.1-3.1C
Extreme Maximum (°C)5.58.516.534.036.538.036.538.538.530.023.310.0
Date (yyyy/dd)1986/ 112000/ 282000/ 06+1980/ 211980/ 221995/ 171988/ 281988/ 061983/ 021992/ 011975/ 051982/ 02
Extreme Minimum (°C)-43.0-42.0-35.5-30.0-11.7-4.41.7-2.5-7.0-20.5-36.5-40.0
Date (yyyy/dd)1985/ 191996/ 021980/ 011979/ 021967/ 031969/ 131967/ 03+1982/ 271989/ 231988/ 291985/ 29+1989/ 20
Precipitation
1981 to 2010 Canadian Climate Normals station data
Precipitation
  Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year Code
Rainfall (mm)0.51.88.020.859.899.791.772.448.937.97.91.0450.3C
Snowfall (cm)16.010.713.26.91.70.00.00.00.25.218.721.193.7C
Precipitation (mm)16.312.520.727.761.599.791.772.449.043.126.521.5542.7C
Extreme Daily Rainfall (mm)6.015.515.036.694.878.7111.087.662.263.618.415.4
Date (yyyy/dd)1990/ 102000/ 252000/ 231986/ 301994/ 181968/ 301993/ 251968/ 041995/ 051994/ 062000/ 01+1982/ 01
Extreme Daily Snowfall (cm)19.123.923.639.625.00.00.00.02.030.526.716.8
Date (yyyy/dd)1975/ 111974/ 271970/ 021997/ 052002/ 081967/ 01+1967/ 01+1967/ 01+1974/ 301971/ 301977/ 201996/ 11
Extreme Daily Precipitation (mm)17.823.922.045.494.878.7111.087.662.263.626.716.8
Date (yyyy/dd)1974/ 14+1974/ 271996/ 291986/ 301994/ 181968/ 301993/ 251968/ 041995/ 051994/ 061977/ 201996/ 11
Extreme Snow Depth (cm)869510410160000284072
Date (yyyy/dd)1993/ 29+1996/ 24+1996/ 301996/ 01+2002/ 091971/ 01+1971/ 01+1971/ 01+1971/ 01+1971/ 311996/ 301992/ 31
Days with Maximum Temperature
1981 to 2010 Canadian Climate Normals station data
Days with Maximum Temperature
  Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year Code
<= 0 °C29.422.615.72.30.050.00.00.00.01.516.627.3115.3D
> 0 °C1.75.715.327.731.030.031.031.030.029.513.43.7250.0D
> 10 °C0.00.01.715.928.130.031.031.027.915.71.90.0183.2D
> 20 °C0.00.00.03.814.022.028.927.112.81.60.00.0110.2D
> 30 °C0.00.00.00.171.52.13.14.50.610.00.00.011.8D
> 35 °C0.00.00.00.00.00.200.050.430.060.00.00.00.74D
Days with Minimum Temperature
1981 to 2010 Canadian Climate Normals station data
Days with Minimum Temperature
  Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year Code
> 0 °C0.00.051.69.424.529.631.030.926.813.01.60.05168.4D
<= 2 °C31.028.230.924.68.81.40.00.416.323.029.331.0214.8D
<= 0 °C31.028.229.420.55.70.430.00.093.318.028.431.0195.8D
< -2 °C31.027.125.612.92.70.050.00.051.210.425.530.4166.7D
< -10 °C28.721.814.62.40.050.00.00.00.00.8512.124.2104.6D
< -20 °C18.113.45.10.090.00.00.00.00.00.053.714.354.7D
< - 30 °C6.83.50.430.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.354.515.6D
Days with Rainfall
1981 to 2010 Canadian Climate Normals station data
Days with Rainfall
  Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year Code
>= 0.2 mm0.140.412.04.010.713.814.012.09.87.41.70.1476.0C
>= 5 mm0.050.090.641.43.55.24.63.42.92.50.430.0524.8C
>= 10 mm0.00.090.230.711.82.82.52.11.60.950.290.0513.1C
>= 25 mm0.00.00.00.050.451.10.950.680.180.140.00.03.5C
Days With Snowfall
1981 to 2010 Canadian Climate Normals station data
Days With Snowfall
  Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year Code
>= 0.2 cm8.55.25.01.80.180.00.00.00.141.45.97.935.9C
>= 5 cm0.640.500.730.450.090.00.00.00.00.241.11.55.3C
>= 10 cm0.140.050.230.230.050.00.00.00.00.190.330.241.5C
>= 25 cm0.00.00.00.090.050.00.00.00.00.00.050.00.19C
Days with Precipitation
1981 to 2010 Canadian Climate Normals station data
Days with Precipitation
  Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year Code
>= 0.2 mm8.65.66.95.410.913.814.012.09.98.77.38.0111.0C
>= 5 mm0.640.551.31.73.65.24.63.42.92.81.71.529.8C
>= 10 mm0.140.090.450.811.92.82.52.11.61.10.620.1914.3C
>= 25 mm0.00.00.00.140.501.10.950.680.180.140.050.03.7C
Wind
1981 to 2010 Canadian Climate Normals station data
Wind
  Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year Code
Speed (km/h)15.515.115.416.315.814.011.812.914.716.215.815.514.9D
Maximum Hourly Speed (km/h)805876666366645372778063
Date (yyyy/dd)1975/ 111971/ 27+1982/ 131970/ 081984/ 17+1988/ 241968/ 011969/ 13+1981/ 271993/ 281977/ 201992/ 25
Direction of Maximum Hourly SpeedNWNWNWNWSWNWNWNWWSWNWNW
Degree Days
1981 to 2010 Canadian Climate Normals station data
Degree Days
  Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year Code
Above 24 °C00000.52.32.43.40.60009.2D
Above 18 °C0000.712.435.664.361.89000183.9D
Above 15 °C0003.933.584139.913028.30.500420.1D
Above 10 °C00019.6112.1209.6291.9274.6106.710.10.101024.6D
Above 5 °C001.768.5236.2357.2446.9429.2233.958.73.401835.6D
Above 0 °C0.11.521.3165.1385.5507.2601.9584.2381.6168.821.11.12839.4D
Below 0 °C532.8366.6206.923.50.2000012.3192.3427.71762.2D
Below 5 °C687.7506.3342.276.95.90002.357.2324.6581.72584.7D
Below 10 °C842.7647.6495.517836.82.400.425.1163.6471.3736.63600.1D
Below 15 °C997.7788.8650.5312.3113.226.8310.896.7309.1621.3891.64821.7D
Below 18 °C1090.7873.6743.5399.1185.168.520.435.6167.4401.6711.3984.65681.3D
Soil Temperature
1981 to 2010 Canadian Climate Normals station data
Soil Temperature
  Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year Code
at 5 cm depth (AM obs) (°C)-5.9-5.6-3.21.58.614.917.817.011.75.3-0.2-3.94.8C
at 5 cm depth (PM obs) (°C)0.0
at 10 cm depth (AM obs) (°C)-5.3-5.1-2.91.68.815.118.117.512.56.20.6-3.25.3C
at 10 cm depth (PM obs) (°C)0.0
at 20 cm depth (AM obs) (°C)-4.4-4.4-2.51.68.815.418.718.413.77.41.7-2.16.0C
at 20 cm depth (PM obs) (°C)0.0
at 50 cm depth (AM obs) (°C)-3.2-3.9-3.1-1.04.611.115.015.813.07.93.0-0.64.9C
at 100 cm depth (AM obs) (°C)1.0-0.3-0.50.02.98.612.614.613.810.66.93.66.2C
at 150 cm depth (AM obs) (°C)3.31.81.10.82.26.19.712.212.611.08.45.76.2C
at 300 cm depth (AM obs) (°C)6.55.34.33.63.33.95.57.48.79.28.97.86.2C
Evaporation
1981 to 2010 Canadian Climate Normals station data
Evaporation
  Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year Code
Lake Evaporation (mm)44.54.54.32.8
Bright Sunshine
1981 to 2010 Canadian Climate Normals station data
Bright Sunshine
  Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year Code
Total Hours102.0124.1171.9226.8269.7268.4296.4280.0186.4142.490.185.42243.5C
Days with measurable23.122.527.328.129.829.130.330.427.826.620.920.9316.7C
% of possible daylight hours38.043.646.755.156.755.160.462.649.142.532.933.548.0C
Extreme Daily8.810.511.614.015.816.015.814.312.410.29.18.3
Date (yyyy/dd)1982/ 28+1980/ 291996/ 271996/ 261971/ 261987/ 091970/ 041969/ 011968/ 09+1982/ 15+1981/ 061985/ 23
Frost-Free
1981 to 2010 Canadian Climate Normals station data
Frost-Free
Probability of last temperature in spring <= 0°C, on or after (Date)10%25%33%50%66%75%90%
DateJun 10Jun 03May 29May 22May 18May 16May 06
Probability of first temperature in fall <= 0°C, on or before (Date)10%25%33%50%66%75%90%
DateAug 24Sep 13Sep 15Sep 20Sep 25Sep 27Oct 03
Probability of frost-free period equal to or less than indicated period (Days)10%25%33%50%66%75%90%
Days85100103124130132140

Legend

  • A = WMO "3 and 5 rule" (i.e. no more than 3 consecutive and no more than 5 total missing for either temperature or precipitation)
  • B = At least 25 years
  • C = At least 20 years
  • D = At least 15 years
  • + = Most recent occurrence of the extreme value
Station / Element Metadata

Statistics listed below are provided as a guide to determine the validity of Normals and Extremes calculations. For example, a station with 30 years of record between 1981 and 2010 with no missing years would be a more reliable normal than a station with 15 years of record and 2 missing years. Less than 100% possible observations indicates that out of the total number of observations used, some records were missing.

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