Language selection

Search


Notices

INTERRUPTION IN SERVICE AVAILABILITY. Please be advised that the Historical Climate Data website will be unavailable due to planned maintenance on Thursday December 5, 2024, from 2:00 PM - 3:30 EST (19:00-20:30 UTC). We appreciate your patience and please contact us if you have any questions or concerns.

Canadian Climate Normals 1971-2000 Station Data

Temperature and Precipitation Graph
Javascript must be enabled for this page to work
Normals Data

The minimum number of years used to calculate these Normals is indicated by a code for each element. A "+" beside an extreme date indicates that this date is the first occurrence of the extreme value. Values and dates in bold indicate all-time extremes for the location.

Data used in the calculation of these Normals may be subject to further quality assurance checks. This may result in minor changes to some values presented here.

TORONTO LESTER B. PEARSON INT'L A *
ONTARIO

* This station meets WMO standards for temperature and precipitation.

Additional Search Options

Download Data

Normals Station Data
(all elements)
Temperature
1971 to 2000 Canadian Climate Normals station data
Temperature
  Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year Code
Daily Average (°C) -6.3 -5.4 -0.4 6.3 12.9 17.8 20.8 19.9 15.3 8.9 3.2 -2.9 7.5 A
Standard Deviation 3.0 2.7 2.3 1.7 2.0 1.5 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.6 1.5 2.7 0.9 A
Daily Maximum (°C) -2.1 -1.1 4.1 11.5 18.8 23.7 26.8 25.6 21.0 13.9 7.0 0.9 12.5 A
Daily Minimum (°C) -10.5 -9.7 -5.0 1.0 6.9 11.9 14.8 14.0 9.6 3.9 -0.7 -6.7 2.5 A
Extreme Maximum (°C) 16.7 14.9 25.6 31.1 34.4 36.7 37.6 38.3 36.7 30.6 25.0 20.0
Date (yyyy/dd) 1950/ 25 1984/ 23 1945/ 28+ 1990/ 25 1962/ 16+ 1952/ 25 1988/ 07 1948/ 25 1953/ 02 1951/ 05 1950/ 01+ 1982/ 03
Extreme Minimum (°C) -31.3 -31.1 -28.9 -17.2 -5.6 0.6 3.9 1.1 -3.9 -8.3 -18.3 -31.1
Date (yyyy/dd) 1981/ 04 1943/ 15 1950/ 04 1972/ 07 1966/ 07 1949/ 08+ 1968/ 30 1965/ 30 1965/ 27 1969/ 23 1949/ 26 1942/ 20
Precipitation
1971 to 2000 Canadian Climate Normals station data
Precipitation
  Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year Code
Rainfall (mm) 24.9 22.3 36.7 62.4 72.4 74.2 74.4 79.6 77.5 63.4 62.0 34.7 684.6 A
Snowfall (cm) 31.1 22.1 19.2 5.7 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.5 7.6 29.2 115.4 A
Precipitation (mm) 52.2 42.6 57.1 68.4 72.5 74.2 74.4 79.6 77.5 64.1 69.3 60.9 792.7 A
Average Snow Depth (cm) 7 6 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 2 A
Median Snow Depth (cm) 6 6 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 1 A
Snow Depth at Month-end (cm) 7 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 4 1 A
Extreme Daily Rainfall (mm) 58.7 31.8 41.7 55.8 92.7 53.8 118.5 80.8 108.0 121.4 86.1 40.9
Date (yyyy/dd) 1946/ 09 1975/ 24 1942/ 16 1992/ 11 1944/ 31 2000/ 13 1980/ 28 1970/ 30 1948/ 18 1954/ 15 1962/ 10 1962/ 06
Extreme Daily Snowfall (cm) 36.8 39.9 32.3 26.7 2.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7.4 33.5 28.2
Date (yyyy/dd) 1966/ 23 1965/ 25 1964/ 10 1939/ 10 1976/ 07 1938/ 01+ 1938/ 01+ 1938/ 01+ 1938/ 01+ 1962/ 25 1940/ 30 1944/ 11
Extreme Daily Precipitation (mm) 58.7 55.9 41.7 55.8 92.7 53.8 118.5 80.8 108.0 121.4 86.1 40.9
Date (yyyy/dd) 1946/ 09 1965/ 25 1942/ 16 1992/ 11 1944/ 31 2000/ 13 1980/ 28 1970/ 30 1948/ 18 1954/ 15 1962/ 10 1962/ 06
Extreme Snow Depth (cm) 67 43 28 13 0 0 0 0 0 13 16 33
Date (yyyy/dd) 1999/ 15+ 1982/ 06+ 1968/ 13+ 1975/ 04+ 1955/ 01+ 1955/ 01+ 1955/ 01+ 1955/ 01+ 1955/ 01+ 1969/ 22 1991/ 29 1977/ 09
Days with Maximum Temperature
1971 to 2000 Canadian Climate Normals station data
Days with Maximum Temperature
  Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year Code
<= 0 °C 18.7 15.7 7.9 0.60 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.1 12.2 57.2 A
> 0 °C 12.3 12.6 23.1 29.4 31.0 30.0 31.0 31.0 30.0 31.0 27.9 18.8 308.0 A
> 10 °C 0.57 0.53 5.1 16.9 29.7 30.0 31.0 31.0 29.9 23.3 7.9 1.7 207.5 A
> 20 °C 0.0 0.0 0.60 2.5 11.8 23.6 30.1 28.8 16.7 3.5 0.27 0.0 118.0 A
> 30 °C 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.13 0.43 2.3 5.7 3.2 0.80 0.0 0.0 0.0 12.6 A
> 35 °C 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.10 0.37 0.07 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.54 A
Days with Minimum Temperature
1971 to 2000 Canadian Climate Normals station data
Days with Minimum Temperature
  Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year Code
> 0 °C 1.8 1.9 5.7 16.8 29.6 30.0 31.0 31.0 29.6 25.4 12.3 4.1 219.1 A
<= 2 °C 30.5 27.9 28.4 18.5 4.5 0.13 0.0 0.03 1.3 11.7 22.8 29.8 175.6 A
<= 0 °C 29.2 26.3 25.3 13.2 1.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.43 5.6 17.7 26.9 146.2 A
< -2 °C 26.9 23.5 20.4 7.1 0.20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.03 2.2 11.3 22.7 114.3 A
< -10 °C 16.0 14.0 5.8 0.17 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.57 8.9 45.4 A
< -20 °C 2.8 1.6 0.23 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.63 5.2 A
< - 30 °C 0.10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.10 A
Days with Rainfall
1971 to 2000 Canadian Climate Normals station data
Days with Rainfall
  Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year Code
>= 0.2 mm 5.1 4.6 8.0 10.7 11.9 11.0 10.1 10.8 10.7 11.5 10.6 6.7 111.8 A
>= 5 mm 1.5 1.5 2.2 4.1 4.6 5.2 3.9 4.3 4.3 4.0 3.8 2.6 42.1 A
>= 10 mm 0.77 0.70 1.3 2.2 2.4 2.6 2.4 2.4 2.5 2.1 2.0 1.0 22.4 A
>= 25 mm 0.10 0.10 0.13 0.23 0.27 0.43 0.77 0.83 0.60 0.27 0.40 0.17 4.3 A
Days With Snowfall
1971 to 2000 Canadian Climate Normals station data
Days With Snowfall
  Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year Code
>= 0.2 cm 12.6 9.4 7.1 2.6 0.07 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.40 4.0 10.3 46.5 A
>= 5 cm 2.0 1.4 1.3 0.33 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.37 1.8 7.2 A
>= 10 cm 0.47 0.27 0.33 0.10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.20 0.67 2.0 A
>= 25 cm 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 A
Days with Precipitation
1971 to 2000 Canadian Climate Normals station data
Days with Precipitation
  Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year Code
>= 0.2 mm 14.9 11.6 13.1 12.1 11.9 11.0 10.1 10.8 10.7 11.5 13.2 14.6 145.5 A
>= 5 mm 3.5 2.7 3.5 4.5 4.6 5.2 3.9 4.3 4.3 4.0 4.3 4.3 49.2 A
>= 10 mm 1.2 0.97 1.8 2.4 2.4 2.6 2.4 2.4 2.5 2.1 2.2 1.7 24.8 A
>= 25 mm 0.13 0.17 0.23 0.27 0.27 0.43 0.77 0.83 0.60 0.27 0.40 0.23 4.6 A
Days with Snow Depth
1971 to 2000 Canadian Climate Normals station data
Days with Snow Depth
  Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year Code
>= 1 cm 22.0 20.3 11.8 1.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.03 2.8 15.8 74.3 A
>= 5 cm 15.7 13.5 7.3 0.70 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.93 8.2 46.3 A
>= 10 cm 8.3 7.3 4.3 0.43 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.30 3.3 24.0 A
>= 20 cm 2.1 1.6 0.47 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.83 5.0 A
Wind
1971 to 2000 Canadian Climate Normals station data
Wind
  Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year Code
Speed (km/h) 17.8 16.5 17.1 17.1 14.1 12.9 12.3 11.2 12.2 13.3 15.6 16.0 14.7 A
Most Frequent Direction SW N NW NW NW NW NW NW NW NW SW SW NW A
Maximum Hourly Speed (km/h) 77 77 97 81 71 63 61 71 77 92 80 70
Date (yyyy/dd) 1959/ 22 1958/ 17 1959/ 15 1979/ 06 1964/ 09 1980/ 20 1964/ 13+ 1958/ 31 1954/ 22 1954/ 16 1955/ 16+ 1980/ 03+
Direction of Maximum Hourly Speed SW W SW W SW NW W W S SW SW SW
Maximum Gust Speed (km/h) 115 105 124 111 109 107 135 93 92 104 122 109
Date (yyyy/dd) 1978/ 26 1956/ 25 1964/ 05 1979/ 06 1983/ 02 1990/ 03 1956/ 01 1961/ 11 1961/ 26 1989/ 14 1955/ 17 1996/ 01
Direction of Maximum Gust E W SW W SW W NW SW SW NW SW S
Days with Winds >= 52 km/h 3.4 2.2 3.4 3.2 1.5 0.7 0.6 0.7 0.7 1.8 2.4 3.1 23.8 A
Days with Winds >= 63 km/h 1.1 0.8 1.0 1.0 0.5 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.9 0.6 7.2 A
Degree Days
1971 to 2000 Canadian Climate Normals station data
Degree Days
  Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year Code
Above 24 °C 0 0 0 0 0.2 2.2 9.5 4.5 1 0 0 0 17.4 A
Above 18 °C 0 0 0 1.1 12 44.2 96.7 75 22.1 1 0 0 252 A
Above 15 °C 0 0 0.3 3.7 32.1 99.8 181.4 153.1 56.9 5.3 0.1 0 532.7 A
Above 10 °C 0 0 3.1 18.9 108.4 235.3 335.8 305.3 165.2 39.6 4.8 0.2 1216.7 A
Above 5 °C 1 1.1 16.6 76.4 244 384.8 490.8 460.3 309.6 132.3 32.1 4.6 2153.6 A
Above 0 °C 13 15.6 63.7 194 398.2 534.8 645.8 615.3 459.6 276.8 112.9 29.6 3359.1 A
Below 0 °C 207.9 168.9 77.3 6.2 0 0 0 0 0 0.4 18.3 119 598 A
Below 5 °C 350.9 295.8 185.1 38.6 0.8 0 0 0 0 11 87.6 249 1218.8 A
Below 10 °C 505 436 326.6 131.2 20.2 0.5 0 0 5.6 73.3 210.3 399.6 2108.3 A
Below 15 °C 659.9 577.3 478.9 265.9 98.9 15 0.6 2.8 47.3 194 355.6 554.4 3250.6 A
Below 18 °C 752.9 662.1 571.6 353.3 171.8 49.4 8.9 17.8 102.5 282.6 445.5 647.4 4065.7 A
Humidex
1971 to 2000 Canadian Climate Normals station data
Humidex
  Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year Code
Extreme Humidex 14.0 14.8 29.2 37.9 41.8 45.0 50.3 45.6 48.0 35.4 28.6 23.9
Date (yyyy/dd) 1995/ 14 1984/ 23 1998/ 30 1990/ 25 1962/ 15 1957/ 17 1995/ 14 1955/ 21 1953/ 01 1971/ 02 1961/ 03 1982/ 03
Days with Humidex >= 30 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 3.1 8.6 16.0 14.2 5.4 0.1 0.0 0.0 47.6 A
Days with Humidex >= 35 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 2.7 6.5 4.6 1.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 15.4 A
Days with Humidex >= 40 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.4 1.5 0.8 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.9 A
Wind Chill
1971 to 2000 Canadian Climate Normals station data
Wind Chill
  Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year Code
Extreme Wind Chill (°C) -44.7 -38.9 -32.6 -25.4 -9.5 -2.6 2.5 -0.9 -8.0 -13.5 -25.4 -38.5
Date (yyyy/dd) 1981/ 04 1967/ 06 1967/ 18 1972/ 07 1963/ 01 1964/ 05+ 1968/ 30 1965/ 30 1965/ 27 1969/ 23 1958/ 30 1980/ 25
Days with Wind Chill < -20 10.7 9.0 2.7 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 4.9 27.6 A
Days with Wind Chill < -30 2.3 1.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 3.6 A
Days with Wind Chill < -40 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 A
Humidity
1971 to 2000 Canadian Climate Normals station data
Humidity
  Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year Code
Average Vapour Pressure (kPa) 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.7 1 1.4 1.7 1.7 1.4 0.9 0.7 0.5 0.9 A
Average Relative Humidity - 0600LST (%) 81.7 81.3 81.2 78.8 80 82.6 84.5 88.6 89.5 87.1 84.7 83.7 83.6 A
Average Relative Humidity - 1500LST (%) 74.3 70.8 65.4 56.5 53.9 55.1 53.1 56.2 59.4 62.8 71.2 75.5 62.8 A
Pressure
1971 to 2000 Canadian Climate Normals station data
Pressure
  Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year Code
Average Station Pressure (kPa) 99.5 99.6 99.5 99.4 99.4 99.3 99.4 99.6 99.6 99.7 99.6 99.6 99.5 A
Average Sea Level Pressure (kPa) 101.7 101.8 101.6 101.5 101.5 101.4 101.5 101.7 101.7 101.8 101.7 101.8 101.6 A
Visibility (hours with)
1971 to 2000 Canadian Climate Normals station data
Visibility (hours with)
  Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year Code
< 1 km 9.3 14.9 12.3 4.3 4.9 5.5 2.3 2.6 7 10 10.4 18.3 101.7 B
1 to 9 km 150 138.6 124 82.5 95.9 105.9 105.9 122.4 126.1 113.6 135.4 151.4 1451.7 B
> 9 km 584.7 525.2 607.7 633.2 643.2 608.5 635.8 619 586.9 620.5 574.3 574.3 7213.3 B
Cloud Amount (hours with)
1971 to 2000 Canadian Climate Normals station data
Cloud Amount (hours with)
  Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year Code
0 to 2 tenths 137.1 142 197.4 188.2 208.1 197.3 228.6 226.8 218 198.2 114.9 122.7 2179.2 B
3 to 7 tenths 103.8 106 117 126.8 151.7 189.4 222.3 206.7 167.6 146.9 107.4 102.3 1747.9 B
8 to 10 tenths 503.1 430.6 429.6 405 384.2 333.3 293.2 310.5 334.4 399 497.8 519 4839.7 B

Legend

  • A = WMO "3 and 5 rule" (i.e. no more than 3 consecutive and no more than 5 total missing for either temperature or precipitation)
  • B = At least 25 years
  • C = At least 20 years
  • D = At least 15 years
  • + = Most recent occurrence of the extreme value
Station / Element Metadata

Statistics listed below are provided as a guide to determine the validity of Normals and Extremes calculations. For example, a station with 30 years of record between 1971 and 2000 with no missing years would be a more reliable normal than a station with 15 years of record and 2 missing years. Less than 100% possible observations indicates that out of the total number of observations used, some records were missing.

TORONTO LESTER B. PEARSON INT'L A

Page details

Date modified: