Canadian Climate Normals 1991-2020 Data

Temperature and Precipitation Graph

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Temperature and Precipitation Graph for 1991 to 2020 Canadian Climate Normals
MONTREAL TRUDEAU (AIRPORT)

Symbol	Description
	Daily Maximum Temperature (°C)
	Daily Average Temperature (°C)
	Daily Minimum Temperature (°C)
	Precipitation (mm)

Normals Data

The minimum number of years used to calculate these Normals is indicated by a code for each element. A "+" beside an extreme date indicates that this date is the first occurrence of the extreme value. Values and dates in bold indicate all-time extremes at the location for that reporting period. Normal period extremes (NPE) are calculated for the 30-year normal period, whereas long-term extremes (LTE) extend further back in time to the earliest date available in the data series.

Data used in the calculation of these Normals may be subject to further quality assurance checks. This may result in minor changes to some values presented here.

MONTREAL TRUDEAU (AIRPORT)
QUEBEC

Temperature

1991 to 2020 Canadian Climate Normals Data
Temperature
	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year	Code
Daily Average (°C)	-9.2	-8.0	-2.0	6.2	13.9	19.0	21.7	20.6	16.0	8.9	2.3	-5.0	7.0	A
Standard Deviation	3.0	2.9	2.4	1.5	1.7	1.1	1.3	1.2	1.5	1.5	1.9	2.4	1.4	A
Daily Maximum (°C)	-5.0	-3.4	2.4	11.3	19.4	24.2	26.7	25.7	21.1	13.2	6.1	-1.2	11.7	A
Daily Minimum (°C)	-13.5	-12.4	-6.5	1.1	8.3	13.8	16.7	15.6	10.9	4.5	-1.7	-8.7	2.3	A

1991 to 2020 Canadian Climate Normals Data
Temperature Extremes (Normal Period)
	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year	Code
Maximum Daily Mean (°C)	7.3	7.2	17.4	21.7	28.2	28.6	30.1	28.5	27.6	21.0	15.0	11.9
Date (yyyy/dd)	2008/ 09	2000/ 27	2012/ 21	2012/ 16	2020/ 27	2012/ 21	2020/ 10	2001/ 09	2010/ 01	2005/ 04+	1996/ 08	2001/ 06
Minimum Daily Mean (°C)	-26.5	-25.6	-22.8	-9.8	3.0	9.1	14.4	12.8	3.3	-1.2	-13.6	-27.3
Date (yyyy/dd)	2004/ 15	1993/ 06	2003/ 03	1995/ 05	2020/ 09	2020/ 01	2007/ 01	1992/ 20	1992/ 30	1992/ 31	2018/ 22	1993/ 27
Extreme Maximum (°C)	13.1	11.4	25.8	29.4	36.6	34.8	36.1	36.2	33.5	26.8	22.4	18.0
Date (yyyy/dd)	1996/ 19	2002/ 26	2012/ 21	2009/ 27	2020/ 27	2020/ 22	2020/ 10	2001/ 08	1999/ 04+	2018/ 09	2020/ 10	2001/ 06
Minimum Daily Maximum (°C)	-23.9	-22.4	-18.8	-5.1	5.1	12.2	17.7	14.5	6.3	1.9	-9.4	-23.9
Date (yyyy/dd)	2004/ 14	1995/ 06	2003/ 03	1995/ 05	2002/ 14	2003/ 01	1993/ 22	1994/ 31	1992/ 30	2008/ 29	2018/ 22	1993/ 27
Maximum Daily Minimum (°C)	4.4	3.8	9.8	14.4	21.6	23.8	24.8	23.6	23.0	18.2	12.3	6.4
Date (yyyy/dd)	2007/ 05	1994/ 20	2012/ 22	2012/ 16	2020/ 28	2012/ 21	2011/ 22	2002/ 15	2010/ 02	2014/ 15	2001/ 02	2015/ 11
Extreme Minimum (°C)	-31.8	-30.3	-26.9	-14.5	-1.9	2.8	7.1	6.2	-1.8	-5.9	-17.8	-30.6
Date (yyyy/dd)	1994/ 27	1993/ 06	1992/ 02	1995/ 05	1997/ 08	2020/ 01	1992/ 02	1993/ 22	1991/ 30	1992/ 31+	2018/ 22	1993/ 27

1991 to 2020 Canadian Climate Normals Data
Temperature Extremes (Long-Term)
	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year	Code
Maximum Daily Mean (°C)	9.7	10.3	17.4	23.1	28.2	28.6	30.1	30.3	27.6	21.1	17.0	12.5
Date (yyyy/dd)	1950/ 04	1981/ 22	2012/ 21	1990/ 27	2020/ 27	1959/ 29+	2020/ 10	1975/ 01	2010/ 01	1979/ 22	1948/ 06	1951/ 06
Minimum Daily Mean (°C)	-30.9	-27.5	-24.2	-10.8	0.0	7.0	12.8	8.9	2.8	-2.3	-15.0	-28.6
Date (yyyy/dd)	1957/ 15	1943/ 15+	1950/ 03	1954/ 03	1978/ 01	1980/ 09	1979/ 05	1965/ 29+	1951/ 30	1969/ 23+	1949/ 27	1942/ 20
Extreme Maximum (°C)	13.9	15.0	25.8	30.0	36.6	35.0	36.1	37.6	33.5	28.3	22.4	18.0
Date (yyyy/dd)	1950/ 25	1981/ 22	2012/ 21	1990/ 27	2020/ 27	1964/ 30	2020/ 10	1975/ 01	1999/ 04+	1968/ 02	2020/ 10	2001/ 06
Minimum Daily Maximum (°C)	-27.2	-24.4	-20.0	-7.2	2.2	10.6	15.1	11.7	6.3	0.6	-11.1	-25.0
Date (yyyy/dd)	1981/ 03	1967/ 12	1950/ 03	1954/ 03	1947/ 01	1947/ 08+	1981/ 29	1965/ 29	1992/ 30	1969/ 22	1958/ 30	1942/ 20
Maximum Daily Minimum (°C)	7.2	5.6	12.2	16.1	21.6	25.0	25.6	25.6	23.3	18.2	13.3	8.3
Date (yyyy/dd)	1950/ 04	1981/ 22	1945/ 29	1990/ 27	2020/ 28	1966/ 30	1955/ 10	1944/ 05	1959/ 08+	2014/ 15	1954/ 20	1951/ 06
Extreme Minimum (°C)	-37.8	-33.9	-29.4	-15.0	-4.4	0.7	6.1	3.3	-2.2	-7.2	-19.4	-32.4
Date (yyyy/dd)	1957/ 15	1943/ 15	1950/ 04	1954/ 04	1974/ 02	1986/ 03	1982/ 03	1957/ 28+	1951/ 30	1972/ 20	1949/ 27	1980/ 25

Precipitation

1991 to 2020 Canadian Climate Normals Data
Precipitation
	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year	Code
Rainfall (mm)	32.8	16.9	37.3	74.9	85.6	83.6	91.2	93.6	89.2	101.6	67.4	44.2	818.3	C
Snowfall (cm)	52.0	47.1	37.1	14.8	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1.1	16.3	48.2	216.6	C
Precipitation (mm)	85.8	65.5	77.2	90.0	85.6	83.6	91.1	93.6	89.2	103.1	84.2	91.9	1,040.9	C
Average Snow Depth (cm)	10	14	10	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	7	3	C
Median Snow Depth (cm)	10	14	9	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	6	3	C
Snow Depth at Month-end (cm)	11	11	4	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	10	3	C

1991 to 2020 Canadian Climate Normals Data
Precipitation Extremes (Normal Period)
	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year	Code
Extreme Daily Rainfall (mm)	46.6	28.6	34.8	48.2	45.6	66.5	63.6	73.8	67.4	80.5	93.5	51.2
Date (yyyy/dd)	2006/ 18	2009/ 12	2020/ 29	2006/ 23	2006/ 19	1997/ 21	2005/ 05	2005/ 31	2004/ 09	1995/ 06	1996/ 08	2003/ 11
Extreme Daily Snowfall (cm)	35.8	32.2	35.2	33.9	0.2	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	6.9	18.6	45.6
Date (yyyy/dd)	1999/ 15	1993/ 13	2007/ 02	2000/ 09	2010/ 09	1991/ 01+	1991/ 01+	1991/ 01+	1991/ 01+	1997/ 27	1993/ 01	2012/ 27
Extreme Daily Precipitation (mm)	47.0	43.4	42.8	48.2	45.6	66.5	63.6	73.8	67.4	80.5	93.5	51.4
Date (yyyy/dd)	2006/ 18	2008/ 01	2001/ 22	2006/ 23	2006/ 19	1997/ 21	2005/ 05	2005/ 31	2004/ 09	1995/ 06	1996/ 08	2003/ 11
Extreme Snow Depth (cm)	40	38	51	44	0	0	0	0	0	4	16	40
Date (yyyy/dd)	1999/ 16+	1997/ 15+	2001/ 24	2001/ 01	1991/ 01+	1991/ 01+	1991/ 01+	1991/ 01+	1991/ 01+	1997/ 22+	1993/ 02+	2007/ 20+

1991 to 2020 Canadian Climate Normals Data
Precipitation Extremes (Long-Term)
	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year	Code
Extreme Daily Rainfall (mm)	46.6	31.5	34.8	48.2	45.6	66.5	63.6	73.8	81.9	80.5	93.5	51.2
Date (yyyy/dd)	2006/ 18	1961/ 25	2020/ 29	2006/ 23	2006/ 19	1997/ 21	2005/ 05	2005/ 31	1979/ 14	1995/ 06	1996/ 08	2003/ 11
Extreme Daily Snowfall (cm)	35.8	39.4	43.2	33.9	21.8	0.0	0.0	0.0	6.1	21.2	30.5	45.6
Date (yyyy/dd)	1999/ 15	1954/ 16	1971/ 04	2000/ 09	1963/ 10	1942/ 01+	1942/ 01+	1942/ 01+	1946/ 30	1988/ 22	1944/ 30	2012/ 27
Extreme Daily Precipitation (mm)	47.0	43.4	42.8	48.2	45.6	66.5	63.6	73.8	81.9	80.5	93.5	51.4
Date (yyyy/dd)	2006/ 18	2008/ 01	2001/ 22	2006/ 23	2006/ 19	1997/ 21	2005/ 05	2005/ 31	1979/ 14	1995/ 06	1996/ 08	2003/ 11
Extreme Snow Depth (cm)	61	91	102	44	8	0	0	0	0	15	33	64
Date (yyyy/dd)	1959/ 17+	1958/ 22+	1971/ 12	2001/ 01	1963/ 11	1955/ 01+	1955/ 01+	1955/ 01+	1955/ 01+	1962/ 29	1965/ 22	1970/ 24

Days With ...

1991 to 2020 Canadian Climate Normals Data
Days With ...
	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year	Code
Freezing Rain or Freezing Drizzle	1.3	0.90	0.69	0.17	0.03	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.43	1.3	4.9	A
Thunderstorms	0.07	0.03	0.10	0.63	1.4	2.7	3.8	3.4	1.1	0.70	0.33	0.03	14.2	A
Hail	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.03	0.03	0.03	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.09	A
Fog, Ice Fog, or Freezing Fog	0.66	0.40	0.83	0.63	0.63	0.33	0.63	0.53	0.63	0.73	0.53	0.34	6.9	A
Smoke or Haze	0.59	0.63	0.52	0.40	0.30	0.70	0.97	0.90	0.40	0.20	0.33	0.28	6.2	A

Days with Maximum Temperature

1991 to 2020 Canadian Climate Normals Data
Days with Maximum Temperature
	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year	Code
<= -30 °C	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	C
<= -20 °C	0.54	0.13	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.04	0.71	C
<= -10 °C	7.6	3.9	0.58	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2.4	14.6	C
<= 0 °C	23.0	19.5	9.6	0.48	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3.8	16.4	72.8	C
> 0 °C	8.0	8.8	21.4	29.5	31.0	30.0	31.0	31.0	30.0	31.0	26.2	14.6	292.5	C
> 10 °C	0.13	0.08	3.3	17.0	29.8	30.0	31.0	31.0	29.8	22.2	6.6	0.80	201.7	C
> 20 °C	0.0	0.0	0.29	2.6	12.1	24.8	30.2	29.5	17.8	3.1	0.08	0.0	120.5	C
> 30 °C	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.48	2.7	4.0	2.7	0.70	0.0	0.0	0.0	10.6	C
> 35 °C	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.05	0.0	0.09	0.09	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.23	C
> 40 °C	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	C

Days with Minimum Temperature

1991 to 2020 Canadian Climate Normals Data
Days with Minimum Temperature
	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year	Code
> 20 °C	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.05	1.2	3.6	1.8	0.57	0.0	0.0	0.0	7.3	C
> 10 °C	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.39	9.6	25.3	30.4	28.7	17.8	3.2	0.12	0.0	115.4	C
> 0 °C	1.2	1.3	5.0	18.7	30.5	30.0	31.0	31.0	29.9	26.1	11.4	3.0	219.0	C
<= 2 °C	30.7	28.1	29.3	17.5	2.1	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.48	10.2	23.5	30.2	172.0	C
<= 0 °C	29.8	27.0	26.0	11.4	0.55	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.13	4.9	18.6	28.0	146.3	C
< -2 °C	28.5	25.6	21.3	6.1	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1.8	13.2	25.2	121.9	C
< -10 °C	20.7	17.7	8.0	0.22	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1.5	12.3	60.4	C
< -20 °C	6.7	3.4	0.67	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1.3	12.0	C
< -30 °C	0.13	0.04	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.04	0.21	C
< -40 °C	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	C

Days with Rainfall

1991 to 2020 Canadian Climate Normals Data
Days with Rainfall
	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year	Code
>= 0.2 mm	4.5	3.8	7.0	11.4	13.7	12.9	12.8	11.2	11.3	13.2	11.1	6.7	119.6	C
>= 5 mm	2.0	0.96	2.7	4.8	5.2	5.0	5.3	5.2	5.4	5.4	4.2	2.7	48.8	C
>= 10 mm	1.2	0.63	1.2	2.5	3.0	2.9	3.0	3.5	2.9	3.2	1.8	1.6	27.3	C
>= 25 mm	0.28	0.04	0.13	0.52	0.54	0.72	0.75	0.88	0.76	0.92	0.48	0.24	6.3	C
>= 50 mm	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.04	0.04	0.08	0.08	0.24	0.08	0.04	0.60	C
>= 100 mm	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	C

Days with Snowfall

1991 to 2020 Canadian Climate Normals Data
Days with Snowfall
	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year	Code
>= 0.2 cm	15.4	12.4	9.0	3.1	0.04	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.63	4.8	12.8	58.2	C
>= 5 cm	3.3	2.9	2.2	0.88	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.08	1.1	2.9	13.3	C
>= 10 cm	1.2	1.4	1.0	0.42	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.52	1.3	5.9	C
>= 25 cm	0.04	0.17	0.17	0.13	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.24	0.75	C
>= 40 cm	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.08	0.08	C

Days with Precipitation

1991 to 2020 Canadian Climate Normals Data
Days with Precipitation
	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year	Code
>= 0.2 mm	17.1	13.7	13.7	12.4	13.8	12.9	12.8	11.2	11.3	13.5	14.3	16.8	163.3	C
>= 1 mm	11.1	9.2	10.2	10.0	10.3	9.6	10.4	8.7	9.4	10.1	10.8	12.0	121.8	C
>= 5 mm	5.0	4.1	5.1	5.7	5.2	5.0	5.4	5.2	5.4	5.4	5.4	5.3	62.3	C
>= 10 mm	2.8	2.3	2.5	3.0	3.0	2.9	3.1	3.5	2.9	3.3	2.4	3.1	34.9	C
>= 25 mm	0.48	0.17	0.42	0.74	0.54	0.72	0.72	0.88	0.76	1.0	0.56	0.56	7.6	C
>= 50 mm	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.04	0.04	0.08	0.08	0.24	0.08	0.04	0.60	C
>= 100 mm	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	C

Days with Snow Depth

1991 to 2020 Canadian Climate Normals Data
Days with Snow Depth
	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year	Code
>= 1 cm	28.7	26.9	19.6	2.9	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.14	3.8	19.2	101.3	C
>= 5 cm	22.6	21.4	15.9	1.6	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1.9	14.6	77.9	C
>= 10 cm	13.0	14.7	12.0	1.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.41	8.8	50.0	C
>= 20 cm	4.5	7.9	6.8	0.36	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2.6	22.1	C
>= 30 cm	1.4	2.7	2.3	0.18	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.59	7.2	C
>= 50 cm	0.0	0.0	0.05	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.05	C
>= 100 cm	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	C

Wind

1991 to 2020 Canadian Climate Normals Data
Wind
	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year	Code
Speed (km/h)	16.9	16.7	16.5	16.9	15.5	14.1	13.7	13.1	13.4	15.3	15.9	16.4	15.4	A
Most Frequent Direction	W	W	W	W	SW	SW	SW	SW	SW	W	W	W	W	A
Days with Winds >= 52 km/h	1.8	0.94	1.5	1.7	0.74	0.94	0.43	0.33	0.55	1.1	1.2	1.9	13.2	D
Days with Winds >= 63 km/h	0.47	0.22	0.47	0.47	0.11	0.28	0.15	0.0	0.20	0.18	0.14	0.41	3.1	D
Days with Gusts >= 90 km/h	0.23	0.16	0.14	0.05	0.05	0.05	0.09	0.05	0.05	0.0	0.05	0.10	1.0	D

1991 to 2020 Canadian Climate Normals Data
Wind Extremes (Normal Period)
	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year	Code
Extreme Speed (km/h)	83	78	74	69	73	62	55	68	65	59	69	72
Date (yyyy/dd)	2012/ 18	2006/ 17	2002/ 10	2007/ 16	2018/ 04	2020/ 11	2014/ 08	2018/ 29	2005/ 29	2001/ 17+	1992/ 13	2000/ 18+
Direction of Extreme Speed	SW	W	SW	N	SW	SW	SW	W	SW	W	SW	W
Extreme Gust Speed (km/h)	100	120	104	102	93	119	102	95	93	87	106	107
Date (yyyy/dd)	2012/ 17	2001/ 10	2002/ 09	2020/ 13	2002/ 10	2002/ 23	2003/ 08	2006/ 01	2006/ 24	2020/ 10	1992/ 13	2000/ 18
Direction of Extreme Gust Speed	SW	SW	W	W	W	W	W	W	W	W	SW	W

1991 to 2020 Canadian Climate Normals Data
Wind Extremes (Long-Term)
	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year	Code
Extreme Speed (km/h)	90	80	74	70	73	66	58	68	65	72	76	72
Date (yyyy/dd)	1959/ 22	1961/ 26	1971/ 04+	1977/ 03	2018/ 04	1972/ 22	1956/ 11	2018/ 29	2005/ 29	1979/ 06	1975/ 10	2000/ 18+
Direction of Extreme Speed	SW	N	NE	W	SW	NE	W	W	SW	SW	W	W
Extreme Gust Speed (km/h)	117	138	161	106	103	119	126	105	97	117	113	107
Date (yyyy/dd)	1959/ 22	1956/ 25	1964/ 05	1975/ 19	1956/ 14	2002/ 23	1975/ 02	1966/ 09	1956/ 06	1979/ 06	1989/ 16	2000/ 18
Direction of Extreme Gust Speed	SW	W	S	W	W	W	W	S	W	SW	S	W

Degree Days

1991 to 2020 Canadian Climate Normals Data
Degree Days
	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year	Code
Above 24 °C	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.5	4.6	9.7	5.4	1.2	0.0	0.0	0.0	21.3	C
Above 18 °C	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.6	11.9	61.8	111.2	88.7	24.2	0.8	0.0	0.0	299.1	C
Above 15 °C	0.0	0.0	0.2	2.1	34.3	128.4	200.3	170.7	65.2	5.6	0.0	0.0	606.7	C
Above 10 °C	0.0	0.0	1.3	17.0	122.4	270.7	355.2	324.8	183.7	38.4	3.6	0.1	1317.2	C
Above 5 °C	0.5	0.3	8.0	76.0	264.0	420.7	510.2	479.8	330.5	129.7	25.4	2.0	2247.0	C
Above 0 °C	7.3	7.2	48.5	195.3	418.6	570.7	665.2	634.8	480.4	271.9	98.2	19.5	3417.4	C
Below 0 °C	297.6	225.9	99.7	4.6	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.2	31.8	164.4	824.3	C
Below 5 °C	445.8	360.5	214.3	35.3	0.4	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.1	12.9	109.0	302.0	1480.3	C
Below 10 °C	600.4	501.7	362.5	126.2	13.8	0.0	0.0	0.0	3.3	76.7	237.2	455.1	2376.9	C
Below 15 °C	755.4	643.2	516.4	261.4	80.7	7.7	0.1	0.9	34.8	198.9	383.6	610.0	3492.9	C
Below 18 °C	848.4	728.0	609.3	349.8	151.3	31.1	4.0	11.9	83.9	287.1	473.6	703.0	4281.2	C

Quintiles

1991 to 2020 Canadian Climate Normals Data
Quintiles
	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year	Code
Quintile 1 (Lower Bound)	22.6	27.6	17.9	13.7	33.4	34.8	33.0	11.0	8.6	19.8	13.6	25.8
Quintile 1 (Upper Bound)	56.9	44.6	46.5	51.5	49.2	65.2	54.6	62.5	61.0	67.1	55.0	60.1
Quintile 2 (Upper Bound)	68.8	58.5	64.1	76.3	75.2	74.6	85.7	77.4	67.7	80.4	70.2	75.2
Quintile 3 (Upper Bound)	87.9	65.4	75.3	100.3	91.1	89.4	96.2	91.0	95.1	103.3	86.2	99.4
Quintile 4 (Upper Bound)	112.2	86.6	98.1	131.7	102.4	104.3	120.1	128.6	109.1	119.6	101.3	120.9
Quintile 5 (Upper Bound)	152.5	107.2	129.0	177.8	173.4	158.0	139.4	224.8	194.5	259.8	163.8	164.8

Humidex

1991 to 2020 Canadian Climate Normals Data
Humidex
	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year	Code
Days with Humidex >= 30	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.11	2.2	9.0	17.7	15.3	5.8	0.28	0.0	0.0	50.4	A
Days with Humidex >= 35	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.43	3.1	6.8	4.7	1.5	0.0	0.0	0.0	16.6	A
Days with Humidex >= 40	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.04	0.62	1.3	0.52	0.14	0.0	0.0	0.0	2.6	A

1991 to 2020 Canadian Climate Normals Data
Humidex Extremes (Normal Period)
	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year	Code
Extreme Humidex	13.5	12.2	27.7	33.8	40.9	44.5	45.8	46.1	41.6	34.1	23.9	17.7
Date (yyyy/dd)	1996/ 19	2017/ 23	2012/ 21	2002/ 16	2020/ 27	1994/ 17	2002/ 02	2006/ 01	2018/ 05	2018/ 09	2020/ 10	2001/ 06

1991 to 2020 Canadian Climate Normals Data
Humidex Extremes (Long-Term)
	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year	Code
Extreme Humidex	13.5	14.7	27.7	33.8	40.9	45.0	45.8	46.8	42.8	34.1	24.6	18.1
Date (yyyy/dd)	1996/ 19	1981/ 22	2012/ 21	2002/ 16	2020/ 27	1953/ 21	2002/ 02	1975/ 01	1953/ 04	2018/ 09	1971/ 02	1982/ 04

Wind Chill

1991 to 2020 Canadian Climate Normals Data
Wind Chill
	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year	Code
Days with Wind Chill < -20	15.9	12.4	4.5	0.07	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.34	7.0	40.2	A
Days with Wind Chill < -30	4.5	2.0	0.29	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.86	7.6	A
Days with Wind Chill < -40	0.38	0.11	0.04	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.14	0.67	A
Days with Wind Chill < -50	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	A

1991 to 2020 Canadian Climate Normals Data
Wind Chill Extremes (Normal Period)
	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year	Code
Extreme Wind Chill	-46.7	-43.3	-42.9	-26.3	-5.3	0.0	0.0	0.0	-4.8	-11.6	-27.4	-43.8
Date (yyyy/dd)	1994/ 16	1995/ 06	2003/ 03	1995/ 05	2010/ 10	1991/ 01+	1991/ 01+	1991/ 01+	2000/ 28	2020/ 30	2018/ 22	1993/ 27

1991 to 2020 Canadian Climate Normals Data
Wind Chill Extremes (Long-Term)
	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year	Code
Extreme Wind Chill	-49.1	-46.0	-42.9	-26.3	-9.9	0.0	0.0	0.0	-4.8	-11.6	-30.7	-46.0
Date (yyyy/dd)	1976/ 23	1967/ 12	2003/ 03	1995/ 05	1978/ 01	1953/ 01+	1953/ 01+	1953/ 01+	2000/ 28	2020/ 30	1958/ 30	1980/ 25

Humidity

1991 to 2020 Canadian Climate Normals Data
Humidity
	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year	Code
Average Vapour Pressure (kPa)	0.3	0.3	0.4	0.6	1.0	1.5	1.8	1.8	1.4	0.9	0.6	0.4	0.9	A
Average Relative Humidity - 0600LST (%)	75.4	73.8	73.1	71.3	72.3	77.2	79.8	84.0	85.6	83.2	80.5	80.0	78.0	A
Average Relative Humidity - 1500LST (%)	68.1	63.0	57.8	50.7	49.8	53.6	55.5	56.1	58.2	61.4	66.4	71.9	59.4	A

Pressure

1991 to 2020 Canadian Climate Normals Data
Pressure
	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year	Code
Average Station Pressure (kPa)	101.3	101.2	101.2	101.0	101.0	100.9	100.8	101.0	101.3	101.2	101.3	101.2	101.1	A
Average Sea Level Pressure (kPa)	101.7	101.7	101.7	101.5	101.4	101.3	101.3	101.5	101.7	101.6	101.7	101.7	101.6	A

Visibility (hours with)

1991 to 2020 Canadian Climate Normals Data
Visibility (hours with)
	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year	Code
< 1 km	6.3	5.9	8.9	2.9	0.6	0.8	0.2	0.3	0.8	1.7	2.5	6.7	37.8	A
1 to 9 km	137.5	114.1	92.0	51.1	31.7	33.2	26.5	30.8	29.3	46.4	76.3	128.3	797.2	A
> 9 km	600.0	558.5	642.8	665.7	711.4	685.6	716.9	712.3	689.7	695.4	640.8	608.2	7927.3	A

Cloud Amount (hours with)

1991 to 2020 Canadian Climate Normals Data
Cloud Amount (hours with)
	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year	Code
0 to 2 tenths	168.5	194.4	209.6	183.0	184.8	172.7	182.9	208.1	232.4	178.6	137.8	152.5	2205.3	D
3 to 7 tenths	97.5	102.6	112.9	125.3	166.5	186.5	218.0	215.8	162.4	133.2	111.1	96.8	1728.4	D
8 to 10 tenths	478.1	380.7	421.5	411.8	392.8	360.8	343.1	320.1	325.2	432.2	471.2	494.7	4832.0	D

Frost-Free

1991 to 2020 Canadian Climate Normals Data
Frost-Free
	Date/Days	Code
Average Date of Last Spring Frost	Apr 29	C
Average Date of First Fall Frost	Oct 14	C
Average Length of Frost-Free Period	167 Days	C

1991 to 2020 Canadian Climate Normals Data
Frost-Free
	10%	25%	33%	50%	66%	75%	90%
Probability of last temperature in spring <= 0°C, on or after (Date)	May 15	May 08	May 06	Apr 29	Apr 27	Apr 24	Apr 20
Probability of first temperature in fall <= 0°C, on or before (Date)	Sep 28	Oct 02	Oct 06	Oct 09	Oct 14	Oct 16	Oct 21
Probability of frost-free period equal to or less than indicated period (Days)	140	152	156	161	165	170	178

Snow-Period

1991 to 2020 Canadian Climate Normals Data
Snow-Period
	Date	Code
Average Date of Last Spring Snowfall	Apr 11	A
Average Date of First Fall Snowfall	Nov 8	A

Legend

A = WMO "3 and 5 rule" (i.e. no more than 3 consecutive and no more than 5 total missing for either temperature or precipitation)
B = At least 25 years
C = At least 20 years

D = At least 15 years
+ = First or oldest date of occurrence of the extreme value

Element Analytics

Statistics listed below are provided as a guide to determine the validity of Normals and Extremes calculations. For example, a composite station with 30 years of record between 1991 and 2020 with no missing years would be a more reliable normal than a composite station with 15 years of record and 2 missing years. Less than 100% possible observations indicates that out of the total number of observations used, some records were missing.

MONTREAL TRUDEAU (AIRPORT)
QUEBEC

Temperature

1991 to 2020 Canadian Climate Normals Element Analytics
Temperature
	Begin Year	End Year	Total Number of Years	Missing Years	Total Count of Observations	% of Possible Observations
Daily Average (°C)	1991	2020	30	2	10285	93.8
Standard Deviation	1991	2020	30	2	10285	93.8
Daily Maximum (°C)	1991	2020	30	2	10286	93.8
Daily Minimum (°C)	1991	2020	30	2	10323	94.2

1991 to 2020 Canadian Climate Normals Element Analytics
Temperature Extremes (Normal Period)
	Begin Year	End Year	Total Number of Years	Missing Years	Total Count of Observations	% of Possible Observations
Maximum Daily Mean (°C)	1991	2020			10651	97.2
Minimum Daily Mean (°C)	1991	2020			10651	97.2
Extreme Maximum (°C)	1991	2020			10652	97.2
Minimum Daily Maximum (°C)	1991	2020			10652	97.2
Maximum Daily Minimum (°C)	1991	2020			10667	97.3
Extreme Minimum (°C)	1991	2020			10667	97.3

1991 to 2020 Canadian Climate Normals Element Analytics
Temperature Extremes (Long-Term)
	Begin Year	End Year	Total Number of Years	Missing Years	Total Count of Observations	% of Possible Observations
Maximum Daily Mean (°C)	1941	2020			28647	98.9
Minimum Daily Mean (°C)	1941	2020			28647	98.9
Extreme Maximum (°C)	1941	2020			28659	98.9
Minimum Daily Maximum (°C)	1941	2020			28659	98.9
Maximum Daily Minimum (°C)	1941	2020			28669	98.9
Extreme Minimum (°C)	1941	2020			28669	98.9

Precipitation

1991 to 2020 Canadian Climate Normals Element Analytics
Precipitation
	Begin Year	End Year	Total Number of Years	Missing Years	Total Count of Observations	% of Possible Observations
Rainfall (mm)	1991	2020	25	7	8889	81.1
Snowfall (cm)	1991	2020	25	7	8888	81.1
Precipitation (mm)	1991	2020	25	6	8951	81.7
Average Snow Depth (cm)	1991	2020	27	4	8326	76.4
Median Snow Depth (cm)	1991	2020	27	4	8326	76.4
Snow Depth at Month-end (cm)	1991	2020	29	4	287	80.1

1991 to 2020 Canadian Climate Normals Element Analytics
Precipitation Extremes (Normal Period)
	Begin Year	End Year	Total Number of Years	Missing Years	Total Count of Observations	% of Possible Observations
Extreme Daily Rainfall (mm)	1991	2020			10656	97.2
Extreme Daily Snowfall (cm)	1991	2020			10668	97.3
Extreme Daily Precipitation (mm)	1991	2020			10665	97.3
Extreme Snow Depth (cm)	1991	2020			8814	80.9

1991 to 2020 Canadian Climate Normals Element Analytics
Precipitation Extremes (Long-Term)
	Begin Year	End Year	Total Number of Years	Missing Years	Total Count of Observations	% of Possible Observations
Extreme Daily Rainfall (mm)	1941	2020			28675	99
Extreme Daily Snowfall (cm)	1941	2020			28687	99
Extreme Daily Precipitation (mm)	1941	2020			28684	99
Extreme Snow Depth (cm)	1955	2020			21962	91.4

Days With ...

1991 to 2020 Canadian Climate Normals Element Analytics
Days With ...
	Begin Year	End Year	Total Number of Years	Missing Years	Total Count of Observations	% of Possible Observations
Freezing Rain or Freezing Drizzle	1991	2020	30	1	7675	70.6
Thunderstorms	1991	2020	30	1	7690	70.6
Hail	1991	2020	30	1	7660	70.5
Fog, Ice Fog, or Freezing Fog	1991	2020	30	1	7664	70.5
Smoke or Haze	1991	2020	30	1	7660	70.5

Days with Maximum Temperature

1991 to 2020 Canadian Climate Normals Element Analytics
Days with Maximum Temperature
	Begin Year	End Year	Total Number of Years	Missing Years	Total Count of Observations	% of Possible Observations
<= -30 °C	1991	2020	25	6	8553	78.1
<= -20 °C	1991	2020	25	6	8553	78.1
<= -10 °C	1991	2020	25	6	8553	78.1
<= 0 °C	1991	2020	25	6	8553	78.1
> 0 °C	1991	2020	25	6	8553	78.1
> 10 °C	1991	2020	25	6	8553	78.1
> 20 °C	1991	2020	25	6	8553	78.1
> 30 °C	1991	2020	25	6	8553	78.1
> 35 °C	1991	2020	25	6	8553	78.1
> 40 °C	1991	2020	25	6	8553	78.1

Days with Minimum Temperature

1991 to 2020 Canadian Climate Normals Element Analytics
Days with Minimum Temperature
	Begin Year	End Year	Total Number of Years	Missing Years	Total Count of Observations	% of Possible Observations
> 20 °C	1991	2020	25	6	8677	79.2
> 10 °C	1991	2020	25	6	8677	79.2
> 0 °C	1991	2020	25	6	8677	79.2
<= 2 °C	1991	2020	25	6	8677	79.2
<= 0 °C	1991	2020	25	6	8677	79.2
< -2 °C	1991	2020	25	6	8677	79.2
< -10 °C	1991	2020	25	6	8677	79.2
< -20 °C	1991	2020	25	6	8677	79.2
< -30 °C	1991	2020	25	6	8677	79.2
< -40 °C	1991	2020	25	6	8677	79.2

Days with Rainfall

1991 to 2020 Canadian Climate Normals Element Analytics
Days with Rainfall
	Begin Year	End Year	Total Number of Years	Missing Years	Total Count of Observations	% of Possible Observations
>= 0.2 mm	1991	2020	25	7	8889	81.1
>= 5 mm	1991	2020	25	7	8889	81.1
>= 10 mm	1991	2020	25	7	8889	81.1
>= 25 mm	1991	2020	25	7	8889	81.1
>= 50 mm	1991	2020	25	7	8889	81.1
>= 100 mm	1991	2020	25	7	8889	81.1

Days with Snowfall

1991 to 2020 Canadian Climate Normals Element Analytics
Days with Snowfall
	Begin Year	End Year	Total Number of Years	Missing Years	Total Count of Observations	% of Possible Observations
>= 0.2 cm	1991	2020	25	7	8888	81.1
>= 5 cm	1991	2020	25	7	8888	81.1
>= 10 cm	1991	2020	25	7	8888	81.1
>= 25 cm	1991	2020	25	7	8888	81.1
>= 40 cm	1991	2020	25	7	8888	81.1

Days with Precipitation

1991 to 2020 Canadian Climate Normals Element Analytics
Days with Precipitation
	Begin Year	End Year	Total Number of Years	Missing Years	Total Count of Observations	% of Possible Observations
>= 0.2 mm	1991	2020	25	6	8951	81.7
>= 1 mm	1991	2020	25	6	8951	81.7
>= 5 mm	1991	2020	25	6	8951	81.7
>= 10 mm	1991	2020	25	6	8951	81.7
>= 25 mm	1991	2020	25	6	8951	81.7
>= 50 mm	1991	2020	25	6	8951	81.7
>= 100 mm	1991	2020	25	6	8951	81.7

Days with Snow Depth

1991 to 2020 Canadian Climate Normals Element Analytics
Days with Snow Depth
	Begin Year	End Year	Total Number of Years	Missing Years	Total Count of Observations	% of Possible Observations
>= 1 cm	1991	2020	25	7	8035	73.7
>= 5 cm	1991	2020	25	7	8035	73.7
>= 10 cm	1991	2020	25	7	8035	73.7
>= 20 cm	1991	2020	25	7	8035	73.7
>= 30 cm	1991	2020	25	7	8035	73.7
>= 50 cm	1991	2020	25	7	8035	73.7
>= 100 cm	1991	2020	25	7	8035	73.7

Wind

1991 to 2020 Canadian Climate Normals Element Analytics
Wind
	Begin Year	End Year	Total Number of Years	Missing Years	Total Count of Observations	% of Possible Observations
Speed (km/h)	1991	2020	29	2	251201	99.4
Most Frequent Direction	1991	2020	29	2	251150	99.9
Days with Winds >= 52 km/h	1991	2020	21	7	6819	62.6
Days with Winds >= 63 km/h	1991	2020	21	7	6788	62.3
Days with Gusts >= 90 km/h	1991	2018	22	5	7462	68.1

1991 to 2020 Canadian Climate Normals Element Analytics
Wind Extremes (Normal Period)
	Begin Year	End Year	Total Number of Years	Missing Years	Total Count of Observations	% of Possible Observations
Extreme Speed (km/h)	1991	2020			251733	99.6
Direction of Extreme Speed	1991	2020			251733	99.6
Extreme Gust Speed (km/h)	1991	2020			10442	95.3
Direction of Extreme Gust Speed	1991	2020			10442	95.3

1991 to 2020 Canadian Climate Normals Element Analytics
Wind Extremes (Long-Term)
	Begin Year	End Year	Total Number of Years	Missing Years	Total Count of Observations	% of Possible Observations
Extreme Speed (km/h)	1953	2020			584829	99.8
Direction of Extreme Speed	1953	2020			584829	99.8
Extreme Gust Speed (km/h)	1955	2020			23486	97.8
Direction of Extreme Gust Speed	1955	2020			23486	97.8

Degree Days

1991 to 2020 Canadian Climate Normals Element Analytics
Degree Days
	Begin Year	End Year	Total Number of Years	Missing Years	Total Count of Observations	% of Possible Observations
Above 24 °C	1991	2020	25	6	8553	78.1
Above 18 °C	1991	2020	25	6	8553	78.1
Above 15 °C	1991	2020	25	6	8553	78.1
Above 10 °C	1991	2020	25	6	8553	78.1
Above 5 °C	1991	2020	25	6	8553	78.1
Above 0 °C	1991	2020	25	6	8553	78.1
Below 0 °C	1991	2020	25	6	8553	78.1
Below 5 °C	1991	2020	25	6	8553	78.1
Below 10 °C	1991	2020	25	6	8553	78.1
Below 15 °C	1991	2020	25	6	8553	78.1
Below 18 °C	1991	2020	25	6	8553	78.1

Quintiles

1991 to 2020 Canadian Climate Normals Element Analytics
Quintiles
	Begin Year	End Year	Total Number of Years	Missing Years	Total Count of Observations	% of Possible Observations
Quintile 1 (Lower Bound)	1991	2020	30	2	10400	94.9
Quintile 1 (Upper Bound)	1991	2020	30	2	10400	94.9
Quintile 2 (Upper Bound)	1991	2020	30	2	10400	94.9
Quintile 3 (Upper Bound)	1991	2020	30	2	10400	94.9
Quintile 4 (Upper Bound)	1991	2020	30	2	10400	94.9
Quintile 5 (Upper Bound)	1991	2020	30	2	10400	94.9

Humidex

1991 to 2020 Canadian Climate Normals Element Analytics
Humidex
	Begin Year	End Year	Total Number of Years	Missing Years	Total Count of Observations	% of Possible Observations
Days with Humidex >= 30	1991	2020	29	2	251121	99.3
Days with Humidex >= 35	1991	2020	29	2	251121	99.3
Days with Humidex >= 40	1991	2020	29	2	251121	99.3

1991 to 2020 Canadian Climate Normals Element Analytics
Humidex Extremes (Normal Period)
	Begin Year	End Year	Total Number of Years	Missing Years	Total Count of Observations	% of Possible Observations
Extreme Humidex	1991	2020			251653	99.6

1991 to 2020 Canadian Climate Normals Element Analytics
Humidex Extremes (Long-Term)
	Begin Year	End Year	Total Number of Years	Missing Years	Total Count of Observations	% of Possible Observations
Extreme Humidex	1953	2020			584747	99.8

Wind Chill

1991 to 2020 Canadian Climate Normals Element Analytics
Wind Chill
	Begin Year	End Year	Total Number of Years	Missing Years	Total Count of Observations	% of Possible Observations
Days with Wind Chill < -20	1991	2020	29	2	251191	99.4
Days with Wind Chill < -30	1991	2020	29	2	251191	99.4
Days with Wind Chill < -40	1991	2020	29	2	251191	99.4
Days with Wind Chill < -50	1991	2020	29	2	251191	99.4

1991 to 2020 Canadian Climate Normals Element Analytics
Wind Chill Extremes (Normal Period)
	Begin Year	End Year	Total Number of Years	Missing Years	Total Count of Observations	% of Possible Observations
Extreme Wind Chill	1991	2020			251723	99.6

1991 to 2020 Canadian Climate Normals Element Analytics
Wind Chill Extremes (Long-Term)
	Begin Year	End Year	Total Number of Years	Missing Years	Total Count of Observations	% of Possible Observations
Extreme Wind Chill	1953	2020			584819	99.8

Humidity

1991 to 2020 Canadian Climate Normals Element Analytics
Humidity
	Begin Year	End Year	Total Number of Years	Missing Years	Total Count of Observations	% of Possible Observations
Average Vapour Pressure (kPa)	1991	2020	29	2	251143	99.4
Average Relative Humidity - 0600LST (%)	1991	2020	29	2	10464	99.3
Average Relative Humidity - 1500LST (%)	1991	2020	29	2	10467	99.4

Pressure

1991 to 2020 Canadian Climate Normals Element Analytics
Pressure
	Begin Year	End Year	Total Number of Years	Missing Years	Total Count of Observations	% of Possible Observations
Average Station Pressure (kPa)	1991	2020	29	2	251180	99.4
Average Sea Level Pressure (kPa)	1991	2020	29	2	251099	99.3

Visibility (hours with)

1991 to 2020 Canadian Climate Normals Element Analytics
Visibility (hours with)
	Begin Year	End Year	Total Number of Years	Missing Years	Total Count of Observations	% of Possible Observations
< 1 km	1991	2020	29	2	251221	99.4
1 to 9 km	1991	2020	29	2	251221	99.4
> 9 km	1991	2020	29	2	251221	99.4

Cloud Amount (hours with)

1991 to 2020 Canadian Climate Normals Element Analytics
Cloud Amount (hours with)
	Begin Year	End Year	Total Number of Years	Missing Years	Total Count of Observations	% of Possible Observations
0 to 2 tenths	1991	2013	20	5	149736	77
3 to 7 tenths	1991	2013	20	5	149736	77
8 to 10 tenths	1991	2013	20	5	149736	77

Frost-Free

1991 to 2020 Canadian Climate Normals Element Analytics
Frost-Free
	Begin Year	End Year	Total Number of Years	Missing Years	Total Count of Observations	% of Possible Observations
Average Date of Last Spring Frost	1991	2012	20	1	20	90.9
Average Date of First Fall Frost	1991	2012	20	1	20	90.9
Average Length of Frost-Free Period	1991	2012	20	1	20	90.9
Probability of last temperature in spring <= 0°C, on or after (Date)
10 %	1947	2012			64	97.0
25 %	1947	2012			64	97.0
33 %	1947	2012			64	97.0
50 %	1947	2012			64	97.0
66 %	1947	2012			64	97.0
75 %	1947	2012			64	97.0
90 %	1947	2012			64	97.0
Probability of first temperature in fall <= 0°C, on or before (Date)
10 %	1947	2012			64	97.0
25 %	1947	2012			64	97.0
33 %	1947	2012			64	97.0
50 %	1947	2012			64	97.0
66 %	1947	2012			64	97.0
75 %	1947	2012			64	97.0
90 %	1947	2012			64	97.0
Probability of frost-free period equal to or less than indicated period (Days)
10 %	1947	2012			64	97.0
25 %	1947	2012			64	97.0
33 %	1947	2012			64	97.0
50 %	1947	2012			64	97.0
66 %	1947	2012			64	97.0
75 %	1947	2012			64	97.0
90 %	1947	2012			64	97.0

Snow-Period

1991 to 2020 Canadian Climate Normals Element Analytics
Snow-Period
	Begin Year	End Year	Total Number of Years	Missing Years	Total Count of Observations	% of Possible Observations
Average Date of Last Spring Snowfall	1991	2020	30	0	30	100.0
Average Date of First Fall Snowfall	1991	2020	30	0	30	100.0

Composite Metadata / Threads

The Climate Normals, Averages, and Extremes are based on Canadian climate composite stations with at least 15 years of data between 1991 and 2020. Composite stations are comprised of one or more stations operated by the Meteorological Service of Canada (MSC) or its partners, where data from individual stations are joined together to create a 30-year data series for a given location. All stations (and associated metadata) used as part of the composite are listed below, alongside the threads used to calculate each Normals/Extremes element.

MONTREAL TRUDEAU (AIRPORT)
QUEBEC

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Composite Station Metadata

All stations used in the composite for all Normals and Extremes elements are listed. Station metadata includes station name, station identifiers, coordinates, and elevation.

Composite Station Name: MONTREAL TRUDEAU (AIRPORT)

Station Name	Climate ID	WMO ID	TC ID	Latitude	Longitude	Elevation (m)
MONTREAL/PIERRE ELLIOTT TRUDEAU INTL	702S006	71183	WTQ	45°28'04.000" N	73°44'30.000" W	32.1
MONTREAL INTL A	7025251	71627	YUL	45°28'14.000" N	73°44'27.000" W	36
MONTREAL/PIERRE ELLIOTT TRUDEAU INTL A	7025250	71627	YUL	45°28'00.000" N	73°45'00.000" W	36

Composite Station Threads

Station composites are threaded from the beginning of the Normals period starting in 1991 to the end of 2020, where the predecessor site's data is used until the end of its period of record and is then joined to the current operating site to extend the time series. Threads are generated by climate element for hourly and daily data, and may vary due to differences in station history, instrumentation, meteorological data availability, data quality, or proximity.

Normals and Extremes elements are grouped based on the climate element used in its calculation. Normal period extremes (NPE) are calculated using threads for the 30-year normal period. For long-term (LT) elements and long-term extremes (LTE), the same Normals period threads are extended back in time to the earliest date of data available from the first station used in the data series. These use the 'LTE Start Date' instead of the 'Start Date', that applies to normals period elements and extremes (NPE).

For additional station metadata information, refer to the above section "Composite Station Metadata".

Composite Station Name: MONTREAL TRUDEAU (AIRPORT)

Temperature

1991 to 2020 Canadian Climate Normals (Composite) Station Threads
Normals/Extremes Elements	Climate Element	Station Name	Climate ID	LTE Start Date	Start Date	End Date
Daily Average (°C) Standard Deviation Maximum Daily Mean (°C) (NPE, LTE) Minimum Daily Mean (°C) (NPE, LTE)	DAILY MEAN TEMPERATURE	MONTREAL/PIERRE ELLIOTT TRUDEAU INTL A	7025250	1941/09/01	1991/01/01	2013/02/13
	DAILY MEAN TEMPERATURE	MONTREAL INTL A	7025251		2013/02/14	2020/12/31
Daily Maximum (°C) Extreme Maximum (°C) (NPE, LTE) Minimum Daily Maximum (°C) (NPE, LTE)	DAILY MAXIMUM TEMPERATURE	MONTREAL/PIERRE ELLIOTT TRUDEAU INTL A	7025250	1941/09/01	1991/01/01	2013/02/13
	DAILY MAXIMUM TEMPERATURE	MONTREAL INTL A	7025251		2013/02/14	2020/12/31
Daily Minimum (°C) Maximum Daily Minimum (°C) (NPE, LTE) Extreme Minimum (°C) (NPE, LTE)	DAILY MINIMUM TEMPERATURE	MONTREAL/PIERRE ELLIOTT TRUDEAU INTL A	7025250	1941/09/01	1991/01/01	2013/02/13
	DAILY MINIMUM TEMPERATURE	MONTREAL INTL A	7025251		2013/02/14	2020/12/31

Precipitation

1991 to 2020 Canadian Climate Normals (Composite) Station Threads
Normals/Extremes Elements	Climate Element	Station Name	Climate ID	LTE Start Date	Start Date	End Date
Rainfall (mm) Extreme Daily Rainfall (mm) (NPE, LTE)	DAILY TOTAL RAINFALL	MONTREAL/PIERRE ELLIOTT TRUDEAU INTL A	7025250	1941/09/01	1991/01/01	2013/02/13
Rainfall (mm) Extreme Daily Rainfall (mm) (NPE, LTE)	DAILY TOTAL RAINFALL	MONTREAL INTL A	7025251		2013/02/14	2020/12/31
Snowfall (cm) Extreme Daily Snowfall (cm) (NPE, LTE)	DAILY TOTAL SNOWFALL	MONTREAL/PIERRE ELLIOTT TRUDEAU INTL A	7025250	1941/09/01	1991/01/01	2013/02/13
Snowfall (cm) Extreme Daily Snowfall (cm) (NPE, LTE)	DAILY TOTAL SNOWFALL	MONTREAL INTL A	7025251		2013/02/14	2020/12/31
Precipitation (mm) Extreme Daily Precipitation (mm) (NPE, LTE)	DAILY TOTAL PRECIPITATION	MONTREAL/PIERRE ELLIOTT TRUDEAU INTL A	7025250	1941/09/01	1991/01/01	2013/02/13
	DAILY TOTAL PRECIPITATION	MONTREAL INTL A	7025251		2013/02/14	2020/12/31
Average Snow Depth (cm) Median Snow Depth (cm) Snow Depth at Month-end (cm) Extreme Snow Depth (cm) (NPE, LTE)	SNOW ON GROUND	MONTREAL/PIERRE ELLIOTT TRUDEAU INTL A	7025250	1955/01/01	1991/01/01	2013/02/13
	SNOW ON GROUND	MONTREAL INTL A	7025251		2013/02/14	2020/12/31

Days With ...

1991 to 2020 Canadian Climate Normals (Composite) Station Threads
Normals/Extremes Elements	Climate Element	Station Name	Climate ID	Start Date	End Date
Freezing Rain or Freezing Drizzle	DAY WITH FREEZING RAIN	MONTREAL/PIERRE ELLIOTT TRUDEAU INTL A	7025250	1991/01/01	2013/02/13
Freezing Rain or Freezing Drizzle	DAY WITH FREEZING RAIN	MONTREAL INTL A	7025251	2013/02/14	2020/12/31
Thunderstorms	DAY WITH THUNDERSTORMS	MONTREAL/PIERRE ELLIOTT TRUDEAU INTL A	7025250	1991/01/01	2013/02/13
Thunderstorms	DAY WITH THUNDERSTORMS	MONTREAL INTL A	7025251	2013/02/14	2020/12/31
Hail	DAY WITH HAIL	MONTREAL/PIERRE ELLIOTT TRUDEAU INTL A	7025250	1991/01/01	2013/02/13
Hail	DAY WITH HAIL	MONTREAL INTL A	7025251	2013/02/14	2020/12/31
Fog, Ice Fog, or Freezing Fog	DAY WITH FOG OR ICE FOG	MONTREAL/PIERRE ELLIOTT TRUDEAU INTL A	7025250	1991/01/01	2013/02/13
Fog, Ice Fog, or Freezing Fog	DAY WITH FOG OR ICE FOG	MONTREAL INTL A	7025251	2013/02/14	2020/12/31
Smoke or Haze	DAY WITH SMOKE/HAZE	MONTREAL/PIERRE ELLIOTT TRUDEAU INTL A	7025250	1991/01/01	2013/02/13
Smoke or Haze	DAY WITH SMOKE/HAZE	MONTREAL INTL A	7025251	2013/02/14	2020/12/31

Days with Maximum Temperature

1991 to 2020 Canadian Climate Normals (Composite) Station Threads
Normals/Extremes Elements	Climate Element	Station Name	Climate ID	LTE Start Date	Start Date	End Date
<= -30 °C <= -20 °C <= -10 °C <= 0 °C > 0 °C > 10 °C > 20 °C > 30 °C > 35 °C > 40 °C	DAILY MAXIMUM TEMPERATURE	MONTREAL/PIERRE ELLIOTT TRUDEAU INTL A	7025250		1991/01/01	2013/02/13
	DAILY MAXIMUM TEMPERATURE	MONTREAL INTL A	7025251		2013/02/14	2020/12/31

Days with Minimum Temperature

1991 to 2020 Canadian Climate Normals (Composite) Station Threads
Normals/Extremes Elements	Climate Element	Station Name	Climate ID	LTE Start Date	Start Date	End Date
> 20 °C > 10 °C > 0 °C <= 2 °C <= 0 °C < -2 °C < -10 °C < -20 °C < -30 °C < -40 °C	DAILY MINIMUM TEMPERATURE	MONTREAL/PIERRE ELLIOTT TRUDEAU INTL A	7025250		1991/01/01	2013/02/13
	DAILY MINIMUM TEMPERATURE	MONTREAL INTL A	7025251		2013/02/14	2020/12/31

Days with Rainfall

1991 to 2020 Canadian Climate Normals (Composite) Station Threads
Normals/Extremes Elements	Climate Element	Station Name	Climate ID	LTE Start Date	Start Date	End Date
>= 0.2 mm >= 5 mm >= 10 mm >= 25 mm >= 50 mm >= 100 mm	DAILY TOTAL RAINFALL	MONTREAL/PIERRE ELLIOTT TRUDEAU INTL A	7025250		1991/01/01	2013/02/13
>= 0.2 mm >= 5 mm >= 10 mm >= 25 mm >= 50 mm >= 100 mm	DAILY TOTAL RAINFALL	MONTREAL INTL A	7025251		2013/02/14	2020/12/31

Days With Snowfall

1991 to 2020 Canadian Climate Normals (Composite) Station Threads
Normals/Extremes Elements	Climate Element	Station Name	Climate ID	LTE Start Date	Start Date	End Date
>= 0.2 cm >= 5 cm >= 10 cm >= 25 cm >= 40 cm	DAILY TOTAL SNOWFALL	MONTREAL/PIERRE ELLIOTT TRUDEAU INTL A	7025250		1991/01/01	2013/02/13
>= 0.2 cm >= 5 cm >= 10 cm >= 25 cm >= 40 cm	DAILY TOTAL SNOWFALL	MONTREAL INTL A	7025251		2013/02/14	2020/12/31

Days with Precipitation

1991 to 2020 Canadian Climate Normals (Composite) Station Threads
Normals/Extremes Elements	Climate Element	Station Name	Climate ID	LTE Start Date	Start Date	End Date
>= 0.2 mm >= 1 mm >= 5 mm >= 10 mm >= 25 mm >= 50 mm >= 100 mm	DAILY TOTAL PRECIPITATION	MONTREAL/PIERRE ELLIOTT TRUDEAU INTL A	7025250		1991/01/01	2013/02/13
	DAILY TOTAL PRECIPITATION	MONTREAL INTL A	7025251		2013/02/14	2020/12/31

Days with Snow Depth

1991 to 2020 Canadian Climate Normals (Composite) Station Threads
Normals/Extremes Elements	Climate Element	Station Name	Climate ID	LTE Start Date	Start Date	End Date
>= 1 cm >= 5 cm >= 10 cm >= 20 cm >= 30 cm >= 50 cm >= 100 cm	SNOW ON GROUND	MONTREAL/PIERRE ELLIOTT TRUDEAU INTL A	7025250		1991/01/01	2013/02/13
	SNOW ON GROUND	MONTREAL INTL A	7025251		2013/02/14	2020/12/31

Wind

1991 to 2020 Canadian Climate Normals (Composite) Station Threads
Normals/Extremes Elements	Climate Element	Station Name	Climate ID	LTE Start Date	Start Date	End Date
Days with Winds >= 52 km/h	DAY WITH WIND SPEED >= 28 KNOTS	MONTREAL/PIERRE ELLIOTT TRUDEAU INTL A	7025250		1991/01/01	2013/02/08
Days with Winds >= 52 km/h	DAY WITH WIND SPEED >= 28 KNOTS	MONTREAL/PIERRE ELLIOTT TRUDEAU INTL	702S006		2013/02/09	2020/12/31
Days with Winds >= 63 km/h	DAY WITH WIND SPEED >= 34 KNOTS	MONTREAL/PIERRE ELLIOTT TRUDEAU INTL A	7025250		1991/01/01	2013/02/08
Days with Winds >= 63 km/h	DAY WITH WIND SPEED >= 34 KNOTS	MONTREAL/PIERRE ELLIOTT TRUDEAU INTL	702S006		2013/02/09	2020/12/31
Speed (km/h) Extreme Speed (km/h) (NPE, LTE)	WIND SPEED	MONTREAL/PIERRE ELLIOTT TRUDEAU INTL A	7025250	1953/01/01	1991/01/01	2013/02/13
Speed (km/h) Extreme Speed (km/h) (NPE, LTE)	WIND SPEED	MONTREAL INTL A	7025251		2013/02/14	2020/12/31
Most Frequent Direction Direction of Extreme Speed (NPE, LTE)	WIND DIRECTION	MONTREAL/PIERRE ELLIOTT TRUDEAU INTL A	7025250	1953/01/01	1991/01/01	2013/02/13
	WIND DIRECTION	MONTREAL INTL A	7025251		2013/02/14	2020/12/31
Days with Gusts >= 90 km/h Extreme Gust Speed (km/h) (NPE, LTE)	SPEED OF EXTREME GUST	MONTREAL/PIERRE ELLIOTT TRUDEAU INTL A	7025250	1955/01/01	1991/01/01	2013/02/13
	SPEED OF EXTREME GUST	MONTREAL INTL A	7025251		2013/02/14	2020/12/31
Direction of Extreme Gust Speed (NPE, LTE)	DIRECTION OF EXTREME GUST	MONTREAL/PIERRE ELLIOTT TRUDEAU INTL A	7025250	1955/01/01	1991/01/01	2013/02/13
Direction of Extreme Gust Speed (NPE, LTE)	DIRECTION OF EXTREME GUST	MONTREAL INTL A	7025251		2013/02/14	2020/12/31

Degree Days

1991 to 2020 Canadian Climate Normals (Composite) Station Threads
Normals/Extremes Elements	Climate Element	Station Name	Climate ID	LTE Start Date	Start Date	End Date
Above 24 °C Above 18 °C Above 15 °C Above 10 °C Above 5 °C Above 0 °C Below 0 °C Below 5 °C Below 10 °C Below 15 °C Below 18 °C	DAILY MEAN TEMPERATURE	MONTREAL/PIERRE ELLIOTT TRUDEAU INTL A	7025250		1991/01/01	2013/02/13
	DAILY MEAN TEMPERATURE	MONTREAL INTL A	7025251		2013/02/14	2020/12/31

Quintiles

1991 to 2020 Canadian Climate Normals (Composite) Station Threads
Normals/Extremes Elements	Climate Element	Station Name	Climate ID	LTE Start Date	Start Date	End Date
Quintile 1 (Lower Bound) Quintile 1 (Upper Bound) Quintile 2 (Upper Bound) Quintile 3 (Upper Bound) Quintile 4 (Upper Bound) Quintile 5 (Upper Bound)	DAILY TOTAL PRECIPITATION	MONTREAL/PIERRE ELLIOTT TRUDEAU INTL A	7025250		1991/01/01	2013/02/13
	DAILY TOTAL PRECIPITATION	MONTREAL INTL A	7025251		2013/02/14	2020/12/31

Humidex

1991 to 2020 Canadian Climate Normals (Composite) Station Threads
Normals/Extremes Elements	Climate Element	Station Name	Climate ID	LTE Start Date	Start Date	End Date
Days with Humidex >= 30 Days with Humidex >= 35 Days with Humidex >= 40 Extreme Humidex (NPE, LTE)	DEW POINT TEMPERATURE	MONTREAL/PIERRE ELLIOTT TRUDEAU INTL A	7025250	1953/01/01	1991/01/01	2013/02/13
	DEW POINT TEMPERATURE	MONTREAL INTL A	7025251		2013/02/14	2020/12/31
	DRY BULB TEMPERATURE	MONTREAL/PIERRE ELLIOTT TRUDEAU INTL A	7025250	1953/01/01	1991/01/01	2013/02/13
	DRY BULB TEMPERATURE	MONTREAL INTL A	7025251		2013/02/14	2020/12/31

Wind Chill

1991 to 2020 Canadian Climate Normals (Composite) Station Threads
Normals/Extremes Elements	Climate Element	Station Name	Climate ID	LTE Start Date	Start Date	End Date
Days with Wind Chill < -20 Days with Wind Chill < -30 Days with Wind Chill < -40 Days with Wind Chill < -50 Extreme Wind Chill (NPE, LTE)	DRY BULB TEMPERATURE	MONTREAL/PIERRE ELLIOTT TRUDEAU INTL A	7025250	1953/01/01	1991/01/01	2013/02/13
	DRY BULB TEMPERATURE	MONTREAL INTL A	7025251		2013/02/14	2020/12/31
	WIND SPEED	MONTREAL/PIERRE ELLIOTT TRUDEAU INTL A	7025250	1953/01/01	1991/01/01	2013/02/13
	WIND SPEED	MONTREAL INTL A	7025251		2013/02/14	2020/12/31

Humidity

1991 to 2020 Canadian Climate Normals (Composite) Station Threads
Normals/Extremes Elements	Climate Element	Station Name	Climate ID	Start Date	End Date
Average Vapour Pressure (kPa)	DEW POINT TEMPERATURE	MONTREAL/PIERRE ELLIOTT TRUDEAU INTL A	7025250	1991/01/01	2013/02/13
Average Vapour Pressure (kPa)	DEW POINT TEMPERATURE	MONTREAL INTL A	7025251	2013/02/14	2020/12/31
Average Relative Humidity - 0600LST (%) Average Relative Humidity - 1500LST (%)	RELATIVE HUMIDITY	MONTREAL/PIERRE ELLIOTT TRUDEAU INTL A	7025250	1991/01/01	2013/02/13
	RELATIVE HUMIDITY	MONTREAL INTL A	7025251	2013/02/14	2020/12/31

Pressure

1991 to 2020 Canadian Climate Normals (Composite) Station Threads
Normals/Extremes Elements	Climate Element	Station Name	Climate ID	Start Date	End Date
Average Station Pressure (kPa)	STATION PRESSURE	MONTREAL/PIERRE ELLIOTT TRUDEAU INTL A	7025250	1991/01/01	2013/02/13
Average Station Pressure (kPa)	STATION PRESSURE	MONTREAL INTL A	7025251	2013/02/14	2020/12/31
Average Sea Level Pressure (kPa)	SEA LEVEL PRESSURE	MONTREAL/PIERRE ELLIOTT TRUDEAU INTL A	7025250	1991/01/01	2013/02/13
Average Sea Level Pressure (kPa)	SEA LEVEL PRESSURE	MONTREAL INTL A	7025251	2013/02/14	2020/12/31

Visibility (hours with)

1991 to 2020 Canadian Climate Normals (Composite) Station Threads
Normals/Extremes Elements	Climate Element	Station Name	Climate ID	LTE Start Date	Start Date	End Date
< 1 km 1 to 9 km > 9 km	VISIBILITY	MONTREAL/PIERRE ELLIOTT TRUDEAU INTL A	7025250		1991/01/01	2013/02/13
< 1 km 1 to 9 km > 9 km	VISIBILITY	MONTREAL INTL A	7025251		2013/02/14	2020/12/31

Cloud Amount (hours with)

1991 to 2020 Canadian Climate Normals (Composite) Station Threads
Normals/Extremes Elements	Climate Element	Station Name	Climate ID	LTE Start Date	Start Date	End Date
0 to 2 tenths 3 to 7 tenths 8 to 10 tenths	TOTAL CLOUD AMOUNT	MONTREAL/PIERRE ELLIOTT TRUDEAU INTL A	7025250		1991/01/01	2013/02/13

Frost-Free

1991 to 2020 Canadian Climate Normals (Composite) Station Threads
Normals/Extremes Elements	Climate Element	Station Name	Climate ID	LT Start Date	Start Date	End Date
Average Date of Last Spring Frost Average Date of First Fall Frost Average Length of Frost-Free Period Probability of last temperature in spring <= 0°C, on or after (Date) (LT) Probability of first temperature in fall <= 0°C, on or before (Date) (LT) Probability of frost-free period equal to or less than indicated period (Days) (LT)	DAILY MINIMUM TEMPERATURE	MONTREAL/PIERRE ELLIOTT TRUDEAU INTL A	7025250	1947/01/01	1991/01/01	2012/01/31

Snow-Period

1991 to 2020 Canadian Climate Normals (Composite) Station Threads
Normals/Extremes Elements	Climate Element	Station Name	Climate ID	LT Start Date	Start Date	End Date
Average Date of Last Spring Snowfall Average Date of First Fall Snowfall	DAILY TOTAL SNOWFALL	MONTREAL/PIERRE ELLIOTT TRUDEAU INTL A	7025250		1991/01/01	2013/02/13
	DAILY TOTAL SNOWFALL	MONTREAL INTL A	7025251		2013/02/14	2020/12/31

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Date modified:: 2025-10-15

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Canadian Climate Normals 1991-2020 Data

Temperature and Precipitation Graph for 1991 to 2020 Canadian Climate Normals
MONTREAL TRUDEAU (AIRPORT)

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Canadian Climate Normals 1991-2020 Data

Temperature and Precipitation Graph for 1991 to 2020 Canadian Climate NormalsMONTREAL TRUDEAU (AIRPORT)

Composite Station Metadata

Composite Station Threads

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Temperature and Precipitation Graph for 1991 to 2020 Canadian Climate Normals
MONTREAL TRUDEAU (AIRPORT)