Canadian Climate Normals 1981-2010 Station Data

Temperature and Precipitation Graph

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Temperature and Precipitation Graph for 1981 to 2010 Canadian Climate Normals
THE PAS A

Symbol	Description
	Daily Maximum Temperature (°C)
	Daily Average Temperature (°C)
	Daily Minimum Temperature (°C)
	Precipitation (mm)

Normals Data

The minimum number of years used to calculate these Normals is indicated by a code for each element. A "+" beside an extreme date indicates that this date is the first occurrence of the extreme value. Values and dates in bold indicate all-time extremes for the location.

Data used in the calculation of these Normals may be subject to further quality assurance checks. This may result in minor changes to some values presented here.

THE PAS A *
MANITOBA

53°58'00.000" N

101°06'00.000" W

270.40 m

5052880

71867

YQD

* This station meets WMO standards for temperature and precipitation.

Temperature

1981 to 2010 Canadian Climate Normals station data
Temperature
	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year	Code
Daily Average (°C)	-19.1	-15.9	-8.6	1.3	8.5	14.9	18.1	16.9	10.6	3.1	-7.4	-16.4	0.5	A
Standard Deviation	4.2	3.9	3.3	2.7	1.9	1.7	1.3	1.7	1.6	1.8	3.7	4.2	1.1	A
Daily Maximum (°C)	-14.3	-10.3	-2.6	7.2	14.8	20.8	23.7	22.5	15.7	7.2	-3.8	-12.0	5.7	A
Daily Minimum (°C)	-23.9	-21.3	-14.5	-4.6	2.2	9.0	12.4	11.3	5.6	-1.0	-11.0	-20.8	-4.7	A
Extreme Maximum (°C)	9.4	10.2	15.6	30.0	33.3	37.6	36.7	35.0	31.7	25.6	18.4	8.3
Date (yyyy/dd)	1993/ 30	1990/ 28	1993/ 24	1949/ 29	1944/ 28	2002/ 28	1955/ 20	1970/ 08	1967/ 06	1943/ 07	1978/ 02	1969/ 01
Extreme Minimum (°C)	-45.0	-49.4	-39.4	-30.0	-12.8	-3.3	1.4	-0.7	-7.2	-16.7	-35.5	-44.4
Date (yyyy/dd)	1943/ 20	1966/ 18	1964/ 04	1967/ 03	1954/ 01	1957/ 01	1979/ 23	1992/ 31	1964/ 29	1991/ 30	1985/ 29	1967/ 31

Precipitation

1981 to 2010 Canadian Climate Normals station data
Precipitation
	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year	Code
Rainfall (mm)	0.2	0.5	3.1	10.1	36.4	66.3	68.8	66.5	56.5	25.4	3.1	0.2	336.9	A
Snowfall (cm)	22.8	18.5	18.8	16.0	3.9	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.8	14.5	23.5	27.3	146.1	A
Precipitation (mm)	16.8	13.4	17.8	23.9	40.1	66.3	68.8	66.5	57.3	38.5	20.9	19.7	449.9	A
Average Snow Depth (cm)	25	29	23	5	0	0	0	0	0	1	8	17	9	A
Median Snow Depth (cm)	25	30	24	3	0	0	0	0	0	0	7	18	9	A
Snow Depth at Month-end (cm)	28	29	15	1	0	0	0	0	0	2	12	23	9	A
Extreme Daily Rainfall (mm)	2.5	7.7	13.2	33.8	43.4	55.0	93.0	68.3	62.8	39.2	15.4	2.8
Date (yyyy/dd)	1968/ 24	1981/ 20	2009/ 22	1973/ 19	1996/ 18	1993/ 24	1994/ 11	1949/ 13	2005/ 10	1981/ 12	1983/ 07	1987/ 07
Extreme Daily Snowfall (cm)	30.6	21.6	37.3	35.6	14.8	6.4	0.0	0.0	13.9	34.8	19.3	15.0
Date (yyyy/dd)	2010/ 24	1965/ 20	1962/ 21	1973/ 21	1979/ 17	1969/ 09	1943/ 01	1943/ 01	1984/ 22	1991/ 27	1961/ 01	1994/ 29
Extreme Daily Precipitation (mm)	25.2	15.0	33.3	41.1	43.4	55.0	93.0	68.3	62.8	39.2	19.2	14.0
Date (yyyy/dd)	2010/ 24	1965/ 20	1962/ 21	1973/ 21	1996/ 18	1993/ 24	1994/ 11	1949/ 13	2005/ 10	1981/ 12	1978/ 04	1946/ 10
Extreme Snow Depth (cm)	113	139	144	122	28	0	0	0	10	32	56	74
Date (yyyy/dd)	1956/ 27	1956/ 25	1956/ 09	1956/ 01	1956/ 01	1955/ 01	1955/ 01	1955/ 01	1961/ 30	1991/ 28	1973/ 30	1955/ 28

Days with Maximum Temperature

1981 to 2010 Canadian Climate Normals station data
Days with Maximum Temperature
	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year	Code
<= 0 °C	29.5	25.0	18.8	4.3	0.07	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3.8	21.0	29.4	131.9	A
> 0 °C	1.5	3.3	12.2	25.7	30.9	30.0	31.0	31.0	30.0	27.2	9.0	1.6	233.3	A
> 10 °C	0.0	0.03	1.0	10.4	22.8	29.3	31.0	31.0	25.0	9.8	0.33	0.0	160.7	A
> 20 °C	0.0	0.0	0.0	1.1	7.3	17.5	25.4	20.7	6.7	0.57	0.0	0.0	79.3	A
> 30 °C	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.24	0.87	1.7	1.7	0.07	0.0	0.0	0.0	4.6	A
> 35 °C	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.07	0.03	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.10	A

Days with Minimum Temperature

1981 to 2010 Canadian Climate Normals station data
Days with Minimum Temperature
	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year	Code
> 0 °C	0.0	0.10	0.69	6.3	20.5	29.9	31.0	31.0	27.1	12.7	0.57	0.04	159.9	A
<= 2 °C	31.0	28.2	30.9	26.8	15.2	1.2	0.0	0.23	6.5	23.7	29.9	31.0	224.6	A
<= 0 °C	31.0	28.1	30.3	23.7	10.5	0.13	0.0	0.03	2.9	18.3	29.4	31.0	205.4	A
< -2 °C	31.0	28.0	28.6	18.6	5.7	0.0	0.0	0.0	1.1	11.7	27.3	30.9	182.9	A
< -10 °C	28.5	24.3	20.0	5.2	0.14	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1.0	14.6	27.6	121.3	A
< -20 °C	20.8	16.3	8.9	0.53	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	4.4	16.9	67.8	A
< - 30 °C	8.7	4.8	1.2	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.13	5.7	20.5	A

Days with Rainfall

1981 to 2010 Canadian Climate Normals station data
Days with Rainfall
	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year	Code
>= 0.2 mm	0.27	0.37	1.2	4.1	8.6	11.0	13.3	11.8	11.1	7.6	1.4	0.38	71.0	A
>= 5 mm	0.0	0.03	0.21	0.53	2.2	4.1	4.3	3.7	2.9	1.5	0.20	0.0	19.6	A
>= 10 mm	0.0	0.0	0.14	0.17	1.1	1.8	1.8	1.9	1.7	0.73	0.07	0.0	9.4	A
>= 25 mm	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.10	0.50	0.50	0.47	0.47	0.07	0.0	0.0	2.1	A

Days With Snowfall

1981 to 2010 Canadian Climate Normals station data
Days With Snowfall
	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year	Code
>= 0.2 cm	11.8	9.2	8.1	4.3	1.2	0.07	0.0	0.0	0.33	4.6	10.7	11.7	62.0	A
>= 5 cm	1.2	0.97	1.2	1.1	0.31	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.03	1.1	1.2	1.7	8.8	A
>= 10 cm	0.20	0.17	0.17	0.33	0.10	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.03	0.37	0.40	0.41	2.2	A
>= 25 cm	0.03	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.03	0.0	0.0	0.06	A

Days with Precipitation

1981 to 2010 Canadian Climate Normals station data
Days with Precipitation
	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year	Code
>= 0.2 mm	10.7	8.6	8.3	7.3	9.4	11.0	13.3	11.8	11.3	11.0	10.5	10.6	123.8	A
>= 5 mm	0.73	0.60	0.90	1.6	2.5	4.1	4.3	3.7	3.0	2.5	1.1	1.1	26.0	A
>= 10 mm	0.07	0.10	0.34	0.53	1.2	1.8	1.8	1.9	1.7	1.0	0.30	0.14	11.0	A
>= 25 mm	0.03	0.0	0.0	0.03	0.10	0.50	0.50	0.47	0.47	0.10	0.0	0.0	2.2	A

Days with Snow Depth

1981 to 2010 Canadian Climate Normals station data
Days with Snow Depth
	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year	Code
>= 1 cm	31.0	28.2	29.7	12.9	1.2	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.10	3.9	21.5	31.0	159.6	A
>= 5 cm	31.0	28.1	27.3	9.2	0.76	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.03	2.3	16.5	29.0	144.1	A
>= 10 cm	29.7	26.2	24.0	6.8	0.31	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.97	9.2	23.1	120.2	A
>= 20 cm	19.7	21.3	16.4	2.9	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.23	3.2	11.1	74.8	A

Wind

1981 to 2010 Canadian Climate Normals station data
Wind
	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year	Code
Speed (km/h)	13.5	13.2	13.3	13.8	13.6	12.8	12.7	13.3	14.9	15.4	14.6	13.6	13.7	A
Most Frequent Direction	W	NW	SE	SE	N	SE	W	W	SE	SE	W	W	SE	A
Maximum Hourly Speed (km/h)	77	80	64	80	74	59	55	93	74	74	63	80
Date (yyyy/dd)	1959/ 01	1957/ 17	1953/ 25	1956/ 26	1957/ 31	1985/ 08	1955/ 08	1983/ 06	1955/ 05	1956/ 07	1969/ 13	1999/ 25
Direction of Maximum Hourly Speed	NW	NW	SE	W	NW	N	N	W	W	W	N	NW
Maximum Gust Speed (km/h)	104	102	89	83	93	85	106	139	117	93	91	115
Date (yyyy/dd)	1984/ 24	2005/ 02	1994/ 06	1994/ 18	1994/ 07	1987/ 02	1963/ 05	1983/ 06	1967/ 22	1971/ 07	1999/ 04	1999/ 25
Direction of Maximum Gust	NW	NW	W	NW	NW	NW	N	W	W	N	NW	NW
Days with Winds >= 52 km/h	0.3	0.3	0.7	0.7	0.3	0.2	0.8	0.6	0.8	0.9	0.7	0.4	6.6	A
Days with Winds >= 63 km/h	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.0	0.0	0.1	0.2	0.1	0.1	0.0	0.1	1.0	A

Degree Days

1981 to 2010 Canadian Climate Normals station data
Degree Days
	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year	Code
Above 24 °C	0	0	0	0	0.1	0.7	1.4	0.8	0	0	0	0	2.9	A
Above 18 °C	0	0	0	0	2.4	16.5	40.9	32.1	1.8	0	0	0	93.7	A
Above 15 °C	0	0	0	0.1	8.9	48.3	103.7	82.3	10.9	0.2	0	0	254.3	A
Above 10 °C	0	0	0	3.9	46.6	154.2	249.4	215.8	63.6	5.1	0	0	738.7	A
Above 5 °C	0	0	0.9	27.8	134.2	297.8	404.4	369.9	174.2	35	0.3	0	1444.4	A
Above 0 °C	0.2	0.9	13.2	95.5	267.2	447.6	559.4	524.9	319.3	121.5	8.1	0.1	2357.7	A
Below 0 °C	592.6	448	275.8	57.5	2.4	0	0	0	0.1	25.7	230.5	518.8	2151.4	A
Below 5 °C	747.4	588.3	418.5	139.9	24.4	0.2	0	0	5	94.2	372.7	673.7	3064.2	A
Below 10 °C	902.4	729.5	572.6	266	91.8	6.6	0.1	1	44.4	219.3	522.4	828.7	4184.6	A
Below 15 °C	1057.4	870.7	727.6	412.1	209.1	50.7	9.3	22.4	141.7	369.4	672.4	983.7	5526.4	A
Below 18 °C	1150.4	955.4	820.6	502.1	295.6	108.9	39.6	65.2	222.6	462.2	762.4	1076.7	6461.5	A

Bright Sunshine

1981 to 2010 Canadian Climate Normals station data
Bright Sunshine
	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year	Code
Total Hours	98.8	123.2	190.3	239.4	276.5	284.5	297.8	281.3	177.7	118.9	77.7	80.4	2246.6	C
Days with measurable	22.8	23.0	27.2	27.1	27.8	27.8	30.0	29.5	26.9	24.7	20.4	21.4	308.6	C
% of possible daylight hours	39.7	44.8	51.9	57.0	55.9	55.7	58.0	61.1	46.5	36.2	30.1	34.6	47.6	C
Extreme Daily	8.1	10.2	12.0	14.8	15.8	16.5	16.9	14.9	13.2	10.6	9.5	7.5
Date (yyyy/dd)	1961/ 30	1962/ 28	1993/ 31	1971/ 30	1964/ 31	1979/ 22	1997/ 02	2000/ 01	1988/ 02	1990/ 01	1964/ 08	1968/ 01

Humidex

1981 to 2010 Canadian Climate Normals station data
Humidex
	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year	Code
Extreme Humidex	9.1	9.6	15.1	27.8	38.6	44.5	44.2	41.9	35.0	26.8	18.3	7.8
Date (yyyy/dd)	1993/ 30	1990/ 28	1993/ 24	1980/ 29	1988/ 31	2002/ 28	2005/ 09	1953/ 18	1967/ 06	1957/ 02	1978/ 02	1969/ 01
Days with Humidex >= 30	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.3	2.2	6.0	5.6	0.4	0.0	0.0	0.0	14.5	A
Days with Humidex >= 35	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.4	1.4	1.1	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2.9	A
Days with Humidex >= 40	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.3	A

Wind Chill

1981 to 2010 Canadian Climate Normals station data
Wind Chill
	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year	Code
Extreme Wind Chill (°C)	-60	-56	-49	-42	-21	-7	0	0	-12	-27	-45	-54
Date (yyyy/dd)	1968/ 03	1967/ 14	1962/ 01	1954/ 02	2002/ 04	1969/ 11	1953/ 01	1953/ 01	1965/ 25	1996/ 30	1970/ 27	1967/ 31
Days with Wind Chill < -20	26.3	21.5	15.1	2.2	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.3	10.3	23.6	99.3	A
Days with Wind Chill < -30	18.2	12.7	5.0	0.1	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2.5	13.5	52.0	A
Days with Wind Chill < -40	7.8	3.3	0.7	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	4.9	16.7	A

Humidity

1981 to 2010 Canadian Climate Normals station data
Humidity
	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year	Code
Average Vapour Pressure (kPa)	0.1	0.2	0.3	0.4	0.7	1.1	1.4	1.4	1	0.6	0.3	0.2	0.6	A
Average Relative Humidity - 0600LST (%)	71.9	73.1	75.5	76.7	77.8	81.6	85.3	86.9	86.7	84	82.4	75.7	79.8	A
Average Relative Humidity - 1500LST (%)	67	62.9	57.5	50.1	48.1	51.4	53.7	54.5	58.6	64	72.9	72.1	59.4	A

Pressure

1981 to 2010 Canadian Climate Normals station data
Pressure
	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year	Code
Average Station Pressure (kPa)	98.4	98.5	98.4	98.3	98.2	98	98	98.1	98.1	98.1	98.2	98.3	98.2	A
Average Sea Level Pressure (kPa)	101.9	102	101.9	101.7	101.5	101.2	101.2	101.3	101.4	101.5	101.6	101.8	101.6	A

Radiation

1981 to 2010 Canadian Climate Normals station data
Radiation
	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year	Code
Extreme Global - RF1 (MJ/m2)	6	12	20	27	31	32	31	27	21	28	7	5
Date (yyyy/dd)	1978/ 31	1980/ 29	1973/ 30	1973/ 29	1990/ 28	1989/ 13	1984/ 05	1976/ 01	1997/ 02	1988/ 01	1997/ 02	1972/ 03

Visibility (hours with)

1981 to 2010 Canadian Climate Normals station data
Visibility (hours with)
	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year	Code
< 1 km	5	4.2	8	6.8	5.8	1.9	1.3	3.5	3.7	7.6	9.3	7.9	65	C
1 to 9 km	69.5	55.7	53.1	33.1	21.7	21.1	15.2	21.4	21	37.5	76.6	83.9	510	C
> 9 km	669.4	617.4	683	680.1	716.5	697	727.5	719	695.3	699	634.1	652.2	8190.3	C

Cloud Amount (hours with)

1981 to 2010 Canadian Climate Normals station data
Cloud Amount (hours with)
	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year	Code
0 to 2 tenths	259.5	229	260.9	252.5	221.2	180.2	199.6	260.1	189.5	172.8	153.6	240.2	2619.1	C
3 to 7 tenths	102.7	106.6	123.9	143	179.6	200.5	227.6	197.9	164.9	132.5	105.3	108.4	1,793	C
8 to 10 tenths	381.7	341.7	359.2	324.5	343.2	339.3	316.7	286	365.5	438.8	461.1	395.4	4353.1	C

Frost-Free

1981 to 2010 Canadian Climate Normals station data
Frost-Free
	Date/Days	Code
Average Date of Last Spring Frost	May 23	A
Average Date of First Fall Frost	Sept 20	A
Average Length of Frost-Free Period	119 Days	A

1981 to 2010 Canadian Climate Normals station data
Frost-Free
Probability of last temperature in spring of 0 °C or lower on or after indicated dates	10%	25%	33%	50%	66%	75%	90%
Date	Jun 08	Jun 01	May 31	May 26	May 21	May 18	May 14
Probability of first temperature in fall of 0 °C or lower on or before indicated dates	10%	25%	33%	50%	66%	75%	90%
Date	Sep 06	Sep 12	Sep 15	Sep 19	Sep 23	Sep 26	Oct 03
Probability of frost-free period equal to or less than indicated period (Days)	10%	25%	33%	50%	66%	75%	90%
Days	97	106	108	115	124	127	134

Legend

A = WMO "3 and 5 rule" (i.e. no more than 3 consecutive and no more than 5 total missing for either temperature or precipitation)
B = At least 25 years

C = At least 20 years
D = At least 15 years

Station / Element Metadata

Statistics listed below are provided as a guide to determine the validity of Normals and Extremes calculations. For example, a station with 30 years of record between 1981 and 2010 with no missing years would be a more reliable normal than a station with 15 years of record and 2 missing years. Less than 100% possible observations indicates that out of the total number of observations used, some records were missing.

THE PAS A

Province/Territory

Latitude (dd mm):

53 58 N

Country

CAN

Longitude (ddd mm):

101 06 W

Time Zone

CST

Latitude (decimal degrees):

53.97 N

Climate ID:

5052880

Longitude (decimal degrees):

101.1 W

WMO ID:

71867

Elevation (m):

270.358

TC ID:

YQD

Temperature

1981 to 2010 Canadian Climate Normals Element Metadata
Temperature
	Begin Year	End Year	Total Number of Years	Missing Years	Total Count of Observations	% of Possible Observations
Daily Average (°C)	1981	2010	30	1	10891	100
Standard Deviation	1981	2010	30	1	10891	100
Daily Maximum (°C)	1981	2010	30	1	10892	100
Daily Minimum (°C)	1981	2010	30	1	10891	100
Extreme Maximum (°C)	1943	2010			24741	99.9
Extreme Minimum (°C)	1943	2010			24741	99.9

Precipitation

1981 to 2010 Canadian Climate Normals Element Metadata
Precipitation
	Begin Year	End Year	Total Number of Years	Missing Years	Total Count of Observations	% of Possible Observations
Rainfall (mm)	1981	2010	30	1	10864	99.7
Snowfall (cm)	1981	2010	30	1	10864	99.7
Precipitation (mm)	1981	2010	30	1	10864	99.7
Average Snow Depth (cm)	1981	2010	30	1	10895	100
Median Snow Depth (cm)	1981	2010	30	1	10895	100
Snow Depth at Month-end (cm)	1981	2010	30	1	358	100
Extreme Daily Rainfall (mm)	1943	2010			24753	99.9
Extreme Daily Snowfall (cm)	1943	2010			24773	100
Extreme Daily Precipitation (mm)	1943	2010			24753	99.9
Extreme Snow Depth (cm)	1955	2010			20392	100

Days with Maximum Temperature

1981 to 2010 Canadian Climate Normals Element Metadata
Days with Maximum Temperature
	Begin Year	End Year	Total Number of Years	Missing Years	Total Count of Observations	% of Possible Observations
<= 0 °C	1981	2010	30	1	10802	99.2
> 0 °C	1981	2010	30	1	10802	99.2
> 10 °C	1981	2010	30	1	10802	99.2
> 20 °C	1981	2010	30	1	10802	99.2
> 30 °C	1981	2010	30	1	10802	99.2
> 35 °C	1981	2010	30	1	10802	99.2

Days with Minimum Temperature

1981 to 2010 Canadian Climate Normals Element Metadata
Days with Minimum Temperature
	Begin Year	End Year	Total Number of Years	Missing Years	Total Count of Observations	% of Possible Observations
> 0 °C	1981	2010	30	1	10771	98.9
<= 2 °C	1981	2010	30	1	10771	98.9
<= 0 °C	1981	2010	30	1	10771	98.9
< -2 °C	1981	2010	30	1	10771	98.9
< -10 °C	1981	2010	30	1	10771	98.9
< -20 °C	1981	2010	30	1	10771	98.9
< - 30 °C	1981	2010	30	1	10771	98.9

Days with Rainfall

1981 to 2010 Canadian Climate Normals Element Metadata
Days with Rainfall
	Begin Year	End Year	Total Number of Years	Missing Years	Total Count of Observations	% of Possible Observations
>= 0.2 mm	1981	2010	30	1	10864	99.7
>= 5 mm	1981	2010	30	1	10864	99.7
>= 10 mm	1981	2010	30	1	10864	99.7
>= 25 mm	1981	2010	30	1	10864	99.7

Days With Snowfall

1981 to 2010 Canadian Climate Normals Element Metadata
Days With Snowfall
	Begin Year	End Year	Total Number of Years	Missing Years	Total Count of Observations	% of Possible Observations
>= 0.2 cm	1981	2010	30	1	10864	99.7
>= 5 cm	1981	2010	30	1	10864	99.7
>= 10 cm	1981	2010	30	1	10864	99.7
>= 25 cm	1981	2010	30	1	10864	99.7

Days with Precipitation

1981 to 2010 Canadian Climate Normals Element Metadata
Days with Precipitation
	Begin Year	End Year	Total Number of Years	Missing Years	Total Count of Observations	% of Possible Observations
>= 0.2 mm	1981	2010	30	1	10864	99.7
>= 5 mm	1981	2010	30	1	10864	99.7
>= 10 mm	1981	2010	30	1	10864	99.7
>= 25 mm	1981	2010	30	1	10864	99.7

Days with Snow Depth

1981 to 2010 Canadian Climate Normals Element Metadata
Days with Snow Depth
	Begin Year	End Year	Total Number of Years	Missing Years	Total Count of Observations	% of Possible Observations
>= 1 cm	1981	2010	30	1	10895	100
>= 5 cm	1981	2010	30	1	10895	100
>= 10 cm	1981	2010	30	1	10895	100
>= 20 cm	1981	2010	30	1	10895	100

Wind

1981 to 2010 Canadian Climate Normals Element Metadata
Wind
	Begin Year	End Year	Total Number of Years	Missing Years	Total Count of Observations	% of Possible Observations
Speed (km/h)	1981	2010	30	0	262746	99.9
Most Frequent Direction	1981	2010	30	0	262745	99.9
Maximum Hourly Speed (km/h)	1953	2010			508193	100
Maximum Gust Speed (km/h)	1955	2010			18294	99.5
Days with Winds >= 52 km/h	1981	2010	30	1	10681	98.1
Days with Winds >= 63 km/h	1981	2010	30	1	10681	98.1

Degree Days

1981 to 2010 Canadian Climate Normals Element Metadata
Degree Days
	Begin Year	End Year	Total Number of Years	Missing Years	Total Count of Observations	% of Possible Observations
Above 24 °C	1981	2010	30	1	10771	98.9
Above 18 °C	1981	2010	30	1	10771	98.9
Above 15 °C	1981	2010	30	1	10771	98.9
Above 10 °C	1981	2010	30	1	10771	98.9
Above 5 °C	1981	2010	30	1	10771	98.9
Above 0 °C	1981	2010	30	1	10771	98.9
Below 0 °C	1981	2010	30	1	10771	98.9
Below 5 °C	1981	2010	30	1	10771	98.9
Below 10 °C	1981	2010	30	1	10771	98.9
Below 15 °C	1981	2010	30	1	10771	98.9
Below 18 °C	1981	2010	30	1	10771	98.9

Bright Sunshine

1981 to 2010 Canadian Climate Normals Element Metadata
Bright Sunshine
	Begin Year	End Year	Total Number of Years	Missing Years	Total Count of Observations	% of Possible Observations
Total Hours	1981	2005	25	1	206808	96.9
Days with measurable	1981	2005	25	1	206808	96.9
% of possible daylight hours	1981	2005	25	1	206808	96.9
Extreme Daily	1951	2005			464349	99.2

Humidex

1981 to 2010 Canadian Climate Normals Element Metadata
Humidex
	Begin Year	End Year	Total Number of Years	Missing Years	Total Count of Observations	% of Possible Observations
Extreme Humidex	1953	2010			507416	99.8
Days with Humidex >= 30	1981	2010	30	0	262734	99.9
Days with Humidex >= 35	1981	2010	30	0	262734	99.9
Days with Humidex >= 40	1981	2010	30	0	262734	99.9

Wind Chill

1981 to 2010 Canadian Climate Normals Element Metadata
Wind Chill
	Begin Year	End Year	Total Number of Years	Missing Years	Total Count of Observations	% of Possible Observations
Extreme Wind Chill (°C)	1953	2010			508193	100
Days with Wind Chill < -20	1981	2010	30	0	262746	99.9
Days with Wind Chill < -30	1981	2010	30	0	262746	99.9
Days with Wind Chill < -40	1981	2010	30	0	262746	99.9

Humidity

1981 to 2010 Canadian Climate Normals Element Metadata
Humidity
	Begin Year	End Year	Total Number of Years	Missing Years	Total Count of Observations	% of Possible Observations
Average Vapour Pressure (kPa)	1981	2010	30	0	262734	99.9
Average Relative Humidity - 0600LST (%)	1981	2010	30	0	10953	100
Average Relative Humidity - 1500LST (%)	1981	2010	30	0	10949	99.9

Pressure

1981 to 2010 Canadian Climate Normals Element Metadata
Pressure
	Begin Year	End Year	Total Number of Years	Missing Years	Total Count of Observations	% of Possible Observations
Average Station Pressure (kPa)	1981	2010	30	0	262737	99.9
Average Sea Level Pressure (kPa)	1981	2010	30	0	262720	99.9

Radiation

1981 to 2010 Canadian Climate Normals Element Metadata
Radiation
	Begin Year	End Year	Total Number of Years	Missing Years	Total Count of Observations	% of Possible Observations
Extreme Global - RF1 (MJ/m2)	1972	1998			224267	98.1

Visibility (hours with)

1981 to 2010 Canadian Climate Normals Element Metadata
Visibility (hours with)
	Begin Year	End Year	Total Number of Years	Missing Years	Total Count of Observations	% of Possible Observations
< 1 km	1981	2010	26	7	213288	81.1
1 to 9 km	1981	2010	26	7	213288	81.1
> 9 km	1981	2010	26	7	213288	81.1

Cloud Amount (hours with)

1981 to 2010 Canadian Climate Normals Element Metadata
Cloud Amount (hours with)
	Begin Year	End Year	Total Number of Years	Missing Years	Total Count of Observations	% of Possible Observations
0 to 2 tenths	1981	2010	26	7	213288	81.1
3 to 7 tenths	1981	2010	26	7	213288	81.1
8 to 10 tenths	1981	2010	26	7	213288	81.1

Frost-Free

1981 to 2010 Canadian Climate Normals Element Metadata
Frost-Free
	Begin Year	End Year	Total Number of Years	Missing Years	Total Count of Observations	% of Possible Observations
Average Date of Last Spring Frost	1981	2010	26	3	26	86.7
Average Date of First Fall Frost	1981	2010	26	3	26	86.7
Average Length of Frost-Free Period	1981	2010	26	3	26	86.7
Probability of last temperature in spring <= 0°C, on or after (Date)
10 %	1943	2010	67	4	63	92.6
25 %	1943	2010	67	4	63	92.6
33 %	1943	2010	67	4	63	92.6
50 %	1943	2010	67	4	63	92.6
66 %	1943	2010	67	4	63	92.6
75 %	1943	2010	67	4	63	92.6
90 %	1943	2010	67	4	63	92.6
Probability of first temperature in fall <= 0°C, on or before (Date)
10 %	1943	2010	67	4	63	92.6
25 %	1943	2010	67	4	63	92.6
33 %	1943	2010	67	4	63	92.6
50 %	1943	2010	67	4	63	92.6
66 %	1943	2010	67	4	63	92.6
75 %	1943	2010	67	4	63	92.6
90 %	1943	2010	67	4	63	92.6
Probability of frost-free period equal to or less than indicated period (Days)
10 %	1943	2010	67	4	63	92.6
25 %	1943	2010	67	4	63	92.6
33 %	1943	2010	67	4	63	92.6
50 %	1943	2010	67	4	63	92.6
66 %	1943	2010	67	4	63	92.6
75 %	1943	2010	67	4	63	92.6
90 %	1943	2010	67	4	63	92.6

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Date modified:: 2024-03-27

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Canadian Climate Normals 1981-2010 Station Data

Temperature and Precipitation Graph for 1981 to 2010 Canadian Climate Normals
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Canadian Climate Normals 1981-2010 Station Data

Temperature and Precipitation Graph for 1981 to 2010 Canadian Climate NormalsTHE PAS A

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Temperature and Precipitation Graph for 1981 to 2010 Canadian Climate Normals
THE PAS A