Canadian Climate Normals 1971-2000 Station Data

Temperature and Precipitation Graph

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Temperature and Precipitation Graph for 1971 to 2000 Canadian Climate Normals
TORONTO

Symbol	Description
	Daily Maximum Temperature (°C)
	Daily Average Temperature (°C)
	Daily Minimum Temperature (°C)
	Precipitation (mm)

Normals Data

The minimum number of years used to calculate these Normals is indicated by a code for each element. A "+" beside an extreme date indicates that this date is the first occurrence of the extreme value. Values and dates in bold indicate all-time extremes for the location.

Data used in the calculation of these Normals may be subject to further quality assurance checks. This may result in minor changes to some values presented here.

TORONTO *
ONTARIO

43°40'00.000" N

79°24'00.000" W

112.50 m

6158350

71266

* This station meets WMO standards for temperature and precipitation.

Temperature

1971 to 2000 Canadian Climate Normals station data
Temperature
	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year	Code
Daily Average (°C)	-4.2	-3.2	1.3	7.6	14.2	19.2	22.2	21.3	17.0	10.6	4.8	-0.9	9.2	A
Standard Deviation	2.7	2.5	2.0	1.5	1.9	1.4	1.2	1.2	1.1	1.5	1.4	2.5	0.8	A
Daily Maximum (°C)	-1.1	-0.2	4.6	11.3	18.5	23.5	26.4	25.3	20.7	13.8	7.4	1.8	12.7	A
Daily Minimum (°C)	-7.3	-6.3	-2.0	3.8	9.9	14.8	17.9	17.3	13.2	7.3	2.2	-3.7	5.6	A
Extreme Maximum (°C)	16.1	14.4	26.7	32.2	34.4	36.7	40.6	38.9	37.8	30.0	23.9	19.9
Date (yyyy/dd)	1967/ 25	1976/ 25	1946/ 28	1842/ 22	1962/ 18	1964/ 30	1936/ 08	1918/ 13	1953/ 02	1963/ 07	1950/ 01	1982/ 03
Extreme Minimum (°C)	-32.8	-31.7	-26.7	-15.0	-3.9	-2.2	3.9	4.4	-2.2	-8.9	-20.6	-30.0
Date (yyyy/dd)	1859/ 10	1855/ 05	1868/ 03	1923/ 01	1854/ 06	1842/ 10	1843/ 12	1855/ 18	1842/ 22	1844/ 31	1875/ 30	1933/ 29

Precipitation

1971 to 2000 Canadian Climate Normals station data
Precipitation
	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year	Code
Rainfall (mm)	29.1	26.2	42.0	63.2	73.3	71.5	67.5	79.6	83.4	64.7	67.3	41.9	709.8	A
Snowfall (cm)	38.2	26.6	22.0	6.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.1	8.1	32.2	133.1	A
Precipitation (mm)	61.2	50.5	66.1	69.6	73.3	71.5	67.5	79.6	83.4	64.7	75.7	71.0	834.0	A
Average Snow Depth (cm)	7	7	3	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	3	2	A
Median Snow Depth (cm)	7	6	2	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	2	1	A
Snow Depth at Month-end (cm)	7	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	4	1	A
Extreme Daily Rainfall (mm)	63.5	43.4	43.7	59.7	68.6	63.5	98.6	93.5	87.9	86.9	79.5	49.5
Date (yyyy/dd)	1843/ 31	1855/ 13	1881/ 19	1850/ 03	1894/ 21	1957/ 28	1897/ 27	1905/ 15	1843/ 14	1954/ 15	1861/ 02	1870/ 05
Extreme Daily Snowfall (cm)	39.9	45.7	40.6	21.1	7.6	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	12.2	30.5	48.3
Date (yyyy/dd)	1966/ 23	1846/ 20	1870/ 27	1901/ 20	1875/ 01	1840/ 01	1840/ 01	1840/ 01	1840/ 01	1969/ 21	1950/ 24	1944/ 11
Extreme Daily Precipitation (mm)	52.3	52.6	43.7	59.7	68.6	63.5	98.6	93.5	87.9	86.9	79.5	49.5
Date (yyyy/dd)	1932/ 01	1965/ 25	1881/ 19	1850/ 03	1894/ 21	1957/ 28	1897/ 27	1905/ 15	1843/ 14	1954/ 15	1861/ 02	1870/ 05
Extreme Snow Depth (cm)	65	38	29	19	3	0	0	0	0	13	20	41
Date (yyyy/dd)	1999/ 15	1971/ 14	2001/ 06	1979/ 09	1963/ 01	1955/ 01	1955/ 01	1955/ 01	1955/ 01	1969/ 21	1997/ 16	1977/ 12

Days with Maximum Temperature

1971 to 2000 Canadian Climate Normals station data
Days with Maximum Temperature
	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year	Code
<= 0 °C	16.6	14.1	7.0	0.53	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1.5	10.2	50.0	A
> 0 °C	14.4	14.1	24.0	29.5	31.0	30.0	31.0	31.0	30.0	31.0	28.5	20.8	315.3	A
> 10 °C	0.60	0.50	5.0	16.6	29.6	30.0	31.0	31.0	30.0	24.3	8.2	1.5	208.2	A
> 20 °C	0.0	0.0	0.47	1.9	10.9	23.5	30.1	29.0	16.2	2.9	0.20	0.0	115.2	A
> 30 °C	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.07	0.37	2.0	4.6	2.1	0.43	0.0	0.0	0.0	9.5	A
> 35 °C	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.10	0.40	0.03	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.53	A

Days with Minimum Temperature

1971 to 2000 Canadian Climate Normals station data
Days with Minimum Temperature
	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year	Code
> 0 °C	3.8	5.0	11.7	24.8	30.9	30.0	31.0	31.0	30.0	30.0	21.0	9.4	258.6	A
<= 2 °C	29.4	26.3	24.4	9.8	0.27	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2.6	14.3	26.7	133.7	A
<= 0 °C	27.2	23.3	19.3	5.2	0.07	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1.0	9.0	21.6	106.6	A
< -2 °C	23.5	20.2	14.5	2.4	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.13	4.7	17.0	82.5	A
< -10 °C	10.3	7.7	2.2	0.07	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.07	4.2	24.6	A
< -20 °C	0.90	0.40	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.10	1.4	A
< - 30 °C	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	A

Days with Rainfall

1971 to 2000 Canadian Climate Normals station data
Days with Rainfall
	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year	Code
>= 0.2 mm	5.2	4.6	8.0	10.9	12.2	11.1	10.3	10.5	10.6	11.4	10.6	7.4	112.8	A
>= 5 mm	1.8	1.7	2.8	4.2	4.7	4.5	4.1	4.4	4.7	4.2	4.3	2.7	44.1	A
>= 10 mm	1.0	0.87	1.4	2.0	2.5	2.6	2.4	2.4	3.0	2.1	2.2	1.4	23.7	A
>= 25 mm	0.17	0.07	0.13	0.33	0.37	0.47	0.43	0.80	0.67	0.27	0.33	0.20	4.2	A

Days With Snowfall

1971 to 2000 Canadian Climate Normals station data
Days With Snowfall
	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year	Code
>= 0.2 cm	12.0	8.7	6.4	2.2	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.07	3.2	9.5	42.0	A
>= 5 cm	2.6	1.7	1.5	0.40	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.43	2.3	9.0	A
>= 10 cm	0.90	0.57	0.57	0.20	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.17	0.67	3.1	A
>= 25 cm	0.07	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.03	0.10	A

Days with Precipitation

1971 to 2000 Canadian Climate Normals station data
Days with Precipitation
	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year	Code
>= 0.2 mm	15.3	11.7	12.7	12.1	12.2	11.1	10.3	10.5	10.6	11.4	12.7	14.5	145.0	A
>= 5 mm	4.0	3.2	4.3	4.7	4.7	4.5	4.1	4.4	4.7	4.2	5.0	4.5	52.3	A
>= 10 mm	1.7	1.4	2.1	2.3	2.5	2.6	2.4	2.4	3.0	2.1	2.4	2.2	27.0	A
>= 25 mm	0.23	0.13	0.27	0.33	0.37	0.47	0.43	0.80	0.67	0.27	0.33	0.30	4.6	A

Days with Snow Depth

1971 to 2000 Canadian Climate Normals station data
Days with Snow Depth
	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year	Code
>= 1 cm	20.6	18.7	11.2	1.1	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1.9	12.4	65.9	A
>= 5 cm	15.8	13.9	7.2	0.53	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.72	7.0	45.2	A
>= 10 cm	10.0	7.9	3.7	0.13	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.34	3.1	25.1	A
>= 20 cm	2.5	2.1	0.30	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.03	1.3	6.2	A

Wind

1971 to 2000 Canadian Climate Normals station data
Wind
	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year	Code
Maximum Hourly Speed (km/h)	64	69	129	64	80	43	48	37	42	55	64	72
Date (yyyy/dd)	1964/ 25	1964/ 23	1964/ 05	1964/ 21	1964/ 09	1964/ 10	1960/ 30	1968/ 14	1964/ 24	1965/ 31	1963/ 23	1963/ 24
Maximum Gust Speed (km/h)			61	47			48
Date (yyyy/dd)			1955/ 22	1955/ 09			1961/ 03
Direction of Maximum Gust	CALM	CALM	SW	W	CALM	CALM	W	CALM	CALM	CALM	CALM	CALM

Degree Days

1971 to 2000 Canadian Climate Normals station data
Degree Days
	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year	Code
Above 24 °C	0	0	0	0.1	0.4	3.9	15.5	8.6	1.7	0	0	0	30.2	A
Above 18 °C	0	0	0.1	1.4	16.8	62.6	132.3	109	35.4	1	0	0	358.7	A
Above 15 °C	0	0	0.5	4.5	44	131.2	223.1	196.7	83.7	8.4	0.3	0	692.5	A
Above 10 °C	0	0	4.6	27.7	140	274.4	378	351.1	211.3	61.4	7.8	0.6	1,457	A
Above 5 °C	2.2	2.8	24.1	102.3	285.3	424.4	533	506.1	360	177.4	49.4	7.2	2,474	A
Above 0 °C	22.4	27.3	87.8	230.9	440.1	574.4	688	661.1	510	328.8	153.1	49.6	3773.5	A
Below 0 °C	153.2	118.6	47.9	3.3	0	0	0	0	0	0	8.4	78.2	409.7	A
Below 5 °C	288	235.5	139.1	24.7	0.2	0	0	0	0	3.6	54.7	190.8	936.6	A
Below 10 °C	440.9	374	274.7	100.1	9.9	0.1	0	0	1.4	42.6	163.1	339.2	1745.9	A
Below 15 °C	595.8	515.3	425.6	226.8	68.9	6.9	0.1	0.6	23.8	144.7	305.6	493.6	2807.8	A
Below 18 °C	688.8	600.1	518.2	313.8	134.7	28.2	2.3	5.9	65.5	230.2	395.3	586.6	3569.7	A

Bright Sunshine

1971 to 2000 Canadian Climate Normals station data
Bright Sunshine
	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year	Code
Total Hours	88.3	110.3	156.3	185.4	229.1	256.2	276.2	241.3	188.0	148.4	83.6	74.7	2037.6	A
Days with measurable	21.3	21.2	24.3	26.4	28.1	28.3	30.0	29.6	27.2	27.1	20.4	18.9	302.9	A
% of possible daylight hours	30.5	37.3	42.3	46.1	50.3	55.5	59.1	55.7	50.0	43.3	28.7	26.8	43.8	A
Extreme Daily	8.9	10.3	11.5	13.3	15.0	14.6	14.3	13.8	12.1	10.4	10.4	8.6		A
Date (yyyy/dd)	1989/ 22	1972/ 20	1973/ 27	1975/ 22	1996/ 30	1999/ 26	1997/ 19	1972/ 04	1986/ 01	1986/ 20	1975/ 04	1971/ 01

Humidex

1971 to 2000 Canadian Climate Normals station data
Humidex
	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year	Code
Extreme Humidex	15.7	12.2	21.7	31.6	39.8	44.5	43.0	42.6	43.8	31.2	26.1	17.7
Date (yyyy/dd)	1967/ 25	1957/ 25	1963/ 30	1962/ 27	1969/ 29	1957/ 18	1964/ 28	1955/ 01	1953/ 02	1968/ 01	1961/ 03	1966/ 08

Wind Chill

1971 to 2000 Canadian Climate Normals station data
Wind Chill
	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year	Code
Extreme Wind Chill (°C)	-36.6	-34.0	-26.0	-17.0	-7.9	4.9	10.0	6.4	-1.1	-7.5	-17.2	-33.6
Date (yyyy/dd)	1963/ 24	1963/ 07	1968/ 03	1964/ 04	1963/ 01	1964/ 04	1963/ 09	1965/ 30	1963/ 13	1965/ 29	1958/ 29	1962/ 30

Radiation

1971 to 2000 Canadian Climate Normals station data
Radiation
	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year	Code
Global - RF1 (MJ/m2)	153.7	227.2	378.8	478.2	599.5	652	677.4	578	418.1	283.5	146.7	120.6	4713.5	C
Extreme Global - RF1 (MJ/m2)	11.5	17	24.2	28.7	32.1	34.9	32.3	28.9	24.7	18.3	12.3	8.9
Date (yyyy/dd)	1978/ 30	1980/ 29	1963/ 31	1978/ 30	1964/ 25	1995/ 15	1964/ 05	1959/ 01	1976/ 02	1974/ 03	1958/ 01	1990/ 02
Extreme Diffuse - RF2 (MJ/m2)	5.9	7.8	11.6	12.6	14.4	15.9	15.8	11.5	9.7	7.5	5.8	4.1
Date (yyyy/dd)	1958/ 18	1958/ 18	1959/ 29	1957/ 28	1957/ 30	1958/ 15	1956/ 04	1957/ 14	1958/ 06	1957/ 11	1956/ 03	1956/ 13

Legend

A = WMO "3 and 5 rule" (i.e. no more than 3 consecutive and no more than 5 total missing for either temperature or precipitation)
B = At least 25 years

C = At least 20 years
D = At least 15 years

Station / Element Metadata

Statistics listed below are provided as a guide to determine the validity of Normals and Extremes calculations. For example, a station with 30 years of record between 1971 and 2000 with no missing years would be a more reliable normal than a station with 15 years of record and 2 missing years. Less than 100% possible observations indicates that out of the total number of observations used, some records were missing.

TORONTO

Province/Territory

Latitude (dd mm):

43 40 N

Country

CAN

Longitude (ddd mm):

79 24 W

Time Zone

EST

Latitude (decimal degrees):

43.67 N

Climate ID:

6158350

Longitude (decimal degrees):

79.4 W

WMO ID:

71266

Elevation (m):

112.5

TC ID:

Temperature

1971 to 2000 Canadian Climate Normals Element Metadata
Temperature
	Begin Year	End Year	Total Number of Years	Missing Years	Total Count of Observations	% of Possible Observations
Daily Average (°C)	1971	2000	30	0	10958	100
Standard Deviation	1971	2000	30	0	10958	100
Daily Maximum (°C)	1971	2000	30	0	10958	100
Daily Minimum (°C)	1971	2000	30	0	10958	100
Extreme Maximum (°C)	1840	2002			59164	100
Extreme Minimum (°C)	1840	2002			59164	100

Precipitation

1971 to 2000 Canadian Climate Normals Element Metadata
Precipitation
	Begin Year	End Year	Total Number of Years	Missing Years	Total Count of Observations	% of Possible Observations
Rainfall (mm)	1971	2000	30	0	10958	100
Snowfall (cm)	1971	2000	30	0	10958	100
Precipitation (mm)	1971	2000	30	0	10958	100
Average Snow Depth (cm)	1971	2000	30	2	10611	99.1
Median Snow Depth (cm)	1971	2000	30	2	10611	99.1
Snow Depth at Month-end (cm)	1971	2000	30	2	352	100
Extreme Daily Rainfall (mm)	1840	2002			58973	100
Extreme Daily Snowfall (cm)	1840	2002			57924	100
Extreme Daily Precipitation (mm)	1840	2002			57912	100
Extreme Snow Depth (cm)	1955	2002			16882	99.4

Days with Maximum Temperature

1971 to 2000 Canadian Climate Normals Element Metadata
Days with Maximum Temperature
	Begin Year	End Year	Total Number of Years	Missing Years	Total Count of Observations	% of Possible Observations
<= 0 °C	1971	2000	30	0	10958	100
> 0 °C	1971	2000	30	0	10958	100
> 10 °C	1971	2000	30	0	10958	100
> 20 °C	1971	2000	30	0	10958	100
> 30 °C	1971	2000	30	0	10958	100
> 35 °C	1971	2000	30	0	10958	100

Days with Minimum Temperature

1971 to 2000 Canadian Climate Normals Element Metadata
Days with Minimum Temperature
	Begin Year	End Year	Total Number of Years	Missing Years	Total Count of Observations	% of Possible Observations
> 0 °C	1971	2000	30	0	10958	100
<= 2 °C	1971	2000	30	0	10958	100
<= 0 °C	1971	2000	30	0	10958	100
< -2 °C	1971	2000	30	0	10958	100
< -10 °C	1971	2000	30	0	10958	100
< -20 °C	1971	2000	30	0	10958	100
< - 30 °C	1971	2000	30	0	10958	100

Days with Rainfall

1971 to 2000 Canadian Climate Normals Element Metadata
Days with Rainfall
	Begin Year	End Year	Total Number of Years	Missing Years	Total Count of Observations	% of Possible Observations
>= 0.2 mm	1971	2000	30	0	10958	100
>= 5 mm	1971	2000	30	0	10958	100
>= 10 mm	1971	2000	30	0	10958	100
>= 25 mm	1971	2000	30	0	10958	100

Days With Snowfall

1971 to 2000 Canadian Climate Normals Element Metadata
Days With Snowfall
	Begin Year	End Year	Total Number of Years	Missing Years	Total Count of Observations	% of Possible Observations
>= 0.2 cm	1971	2000	30	0	10958	100
>= 5 cm	1971	2000	30	0	10958	100
>= 10 cm	1971	2000	30	0	10958	100
>= 25 cm	1971	2000	30	0	10958	100

Days with Precipitation

1971 to 2000 Canadian Climate Normals Element Metadata
Days with Precipitation
	Begin Year	End Year	Total Number of Years	Missing Years	Total Count of Observations	% of Possible Observations
>= 0.2 mm	1971	2000	30	0	10958	100
>= 5 mm	1971	2000	30	0	10958	100
>= 10 mm	1971	2000	30	0	10958	100
>= 25 mm	1971	2000	30	0	10958	100

Days with Snow Depth

1971 to 2000 Canadian Climate Normals Element Metadata
Days with Snow Depth
	Begin Year	End Year	Total Number of Years	Missing Years	Total Count of Observations	% of Possible Observations
>= 1 cm	1971	2000	30	2	10501	98
>= 5 cm	1971	2000	30	2	10501	98
>= 10 cm	1971	2000	30	2	10501	98
>= 20 cm	1971	2000	30	2	10501	98

Wind

1971 to 2000 Canadian Climate Normals Element Metadata
Wind
	Begin Year	End Year	Total Number of Years	Missing Years	Total Count of Observations	% of Possible Observations
Maximum Hourly Speed (km/h)	1953	1969			31667	22
Maximum Gust Speed (km/h)	1955	1961			92	100
Direction of Maximum Gust

Degree Days

1971 to 2000 Canadian Climate Normals Element Metadata
Degree Days
	Begin Year	End Year	Total Number of Years	Missing Years	Total Count of Observations	% of Possible Observations
Above 24 °C	1971	2000	30	0	10958	100
Above 18 °C	1971	2000	30	0	10958	100
Above 15 °C	1971	2000	30	0	10958	100
Above 10 °C	1971	2000	30	0	10958	100
Above 5 °C	1971	2000	30	0	10958	100
Above 0 °C	1971	2000	30	0	10958	100
Below 0 °C	1971	2000	30	0	10958	100
Below 5 °C	1971	2000	30	0	10958	100
Below 10 °C	1971	2000	30	0	10958	100
Below 15 °C	1971	2000	30	0	10958	100
Below 18 °C	1971	2000	30	0	10958	100

Bright Sunshine

1971 to 2000 Canadian Climate Normals Element Metadata
Bright Sunshine
	Begin Year	End Year	Total Number of Years	Missing Years	Total Count of Observations	% of Possible Observations
Total Hours	1971	2000	30	1	251232	98
Days with measurable	1971	2000	30	1	251232	98
% of possible daylight hours	1971	2000	30	1	251232	98
Extreme Daily	1971	2000	30	0	253441	98.9

Humidex

1971 to 2000 Canadian Climate Normals Element Metadata
Humidex
	Begin Year	End Year	Total Number of Years	Missing Years	Total Count of Observations	% of Possible Observations
Extreme Humidex	1953	1969			59382	41.3

Wind Chill

1971 to 2000 Canadian Climate Normals Element Metadata
Wind Chill
	Begin Year	End Year	Total Number of Years	Missing Years	Total Count of Observations	% of Possible Observations
Extreme Wind Chill (°C)	1953	1969			31666	22

Radiation

1971 to 2000 Canadian Climate Normals Element Metadata
Radiation
	Begin Year	End Year	Total Number of Years	Missing Years	Total Count of Observations	% of Possible Observations
Global - RF1 (MJ/m2)	1971	2000	27	3	211056	80.3
Extreme Global - RF1 (MJ/m2)	1956	2001			391630	99.1
Extreme Diffuse - RF2 (MJ/m2)	1956	1959			29452	92.1

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Date modified:: 2024-03-27

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Canadian Climate Normals 1971-2000 Station Data

Temperature and Precipitation Graph for 1971 to 2000 Canadian Climate Normals
TORONTO

Legend

Page details

Canadian Climate Normals 1971-2000 Station Data

Temperature and Precipitation Graph for 1971 to 2000 Canadian Climate NormalsTORONTO

Page details

Temperature and Precipitation Graph for 1971 to 2000 Canadian Climate Normals
TORONTO